The escalation of World War III on the fronts of Europe and the Far East and the tasks of the anti-imperialist frontal struggle

The Article is the Speech of the representative of the Collective of struggle for the Revolutionary Unification of Humanity (Greece), Dimitrios Patelis on June 10 in Athens, Greece.


English / Greek

English

The escalation of World War III on the fronts of Europe and the Far East and the tasks of the anti-imperialist frontal struggle.

Dear friends and comrades,
The “Collective of Struggle for the Revolutionary Unification of Humanity” welcomes you today to our event.
Today is a particularly joyful occasion for us, as we are hosting outstanding Korean comrades from the fraternal People’s Democracy Party, upon whose decisive initiative and contribution the World Anti-Imperialist Platform was formed and is currently developing.
Revolutionary Unification, together with the steadfast progressive and revolutionary forces of our people, stands firmly united under the banner of internationalist anti-imperialist struggle to the final victory! It also stands resolutely on the side of the Korean people and their vanguard, the dear comrades of the fraternal People’s Democracy Party, who honour us today with their active presence in Athens as well.
Neither this co-organization nor the participation of our comrades here are by chance. It serves to confirm the astonishing common elements that an elementary study of the history of the countries and of the national liberation, anti-imperialist, anti-fascist and revolutionary struggles of our long-suffering peoples. Two peoples who have been caught in the eye of the imperialist cyclone at the most crucial junctures of history, because of their revolutionary stance and because of their geostrategic position: on the Korean peninsula and at the southern end of the Balkan peninsula, at the crossroads of continents, of strategic routes and of revolutionary waves.
We do not forget our history. In the summer of 1950, the US – through brutal manipulation of the UN – led a military invasion of the Korean Peninsula in order to suppress the national liberation and socialist revolution of the people led by the communists in the DPRK. Twenty-one countries took part in the deadly imperialist invasion. Against the war stood the communists-internationalists, the USSR, all the early socialist countries as well as the entirety of anti-imperialist and progressive forces. For the imperialist mission, 669 officers and non-commissioned officers and 9,586 privates (10,255 in total) were sent – mainly by force – from Greece. 7 aircraft were also sent, followed by 2 more to replace losses. The army’s losses, according to official figures, were 183 dead and 610 wounded and the air force’s losses were 12 dead and 4 aircraft . According to other accounts, the death toll exceeded 1,100 .
In May 1951, a mutiny broke out on one of the American ships carrying Greek and Turkish soldiers to Korea. The soldiers tried to attack the Americans who comprised the ship’s crew. In the ensuing crackdown, the Greek lieutenant in charge was killed.
22.1.1951 the Greek internationalist soldiers, members of the EPON , Stavros Kassandras and Nikos Pitsikas, were executed, because they refused to fight against the revolution of the heroic people of Korea, refused to become instruments of the war machine of US imperialism. 18.12.1950 the Emergency Military Court of Athens sentenced them to death for high treason. In a summary procedure, the American puppet bourgeois state executed them.
At the beginning of February 1951, 176 Greek soldiers joined the ranks of the Korean People’s Army!
This information is not included in the official US-NATO-South Korean war narrative, in the bourgeois historiography or in narrative of the controlled media .
In September of 1951, “the Americans struck the Greek battalion in the back with bomber planes in order to force it to take part in the offensive for the occupation of the Big-Nori hill. Following this crime, which cost the lives of many Greek soldiers, two platoons of Greeks stormed the headquarters of an American artillery unit that night and killed and wounded 50 American soldiers and officers.” .
But how did the country come to be involved in this imperialist war? What is it that drove the young men to self-sacrifice? To understand the heroism of these soldiers: the Greek people had been fighting since 1940. It was not until 30.8.1949 that the revolutionary communist Democratic Army of Greece was defeated by the US occupiers and their local collaborators, who but a few years ago were for the most part loyal collaborators of the Nazi occupiers. Tens of thousands of fighters were arrested, imprisoned, tortured, exiled to concentration camps, while thousands were executed by the counter-revolutionary regime guided by the USA. The KKE, as well as every progressive organisation, was under a regime of illegality and persecution. For these reasons, the heroic actions of the two executed internationalists, the 176 soldiers who defected from the imperialist forces and joined the Korean People’s Army as pro-revolutionary fighters, and those who revolted against the US army, were carried out spontaneously, with the KKE’s apparatus practically non-existent – especially there – after its murderous repression.
The class of capital won this war thanks to the foreign invasion-intervention with the above-mentioned forces that it rallied, in a highly unfavourable international situation for the revolutionary movement of the country. The occupation regime with its US-NATO bases and the suffocating Euro-Atlantic control of the basic structures and functions of the country derive from these legacies.
Identical to that of Greece is the recent history of Korea. The collaborators of the Japanese imperialist occupation suddenly became the instruments of the new occupation, US imperialism.
The millions of Koreans who sacrificed themselves in the struggle have written one of the most brilliant pages in the world history of the people’s resistance. We must also not forget the hundreds of thousands of underage Korean girls and women who were kidnapped and enslaved for sexual exploitation by the military of imperialist Japan as “relief women”, on terms of genocide โ€ฆ This is a crime that the authorities of today’s Japan and of global imperialism keep silent about, or flatly deny. However, our comrades from the fraternal People’s Democracy Party, on a 24-hour basis, have for years been holding an uninterrupted demonstration in 2 focal points of Seoul: the embassy of the current occupier, the USA, and the world-famous monument-symbol of the crime against Korean women, in front of the embassy of the previous occupier, Japan. With this action, day and night, despite the dangers of repression and provocative attacks by sympathizers of the collaborators of the occupier, our comrades educate the people, calling them to vigilance, reminding them of the continuity of the anti-imperialist and revolutionary struggle for dignity.
Identical in both countries are the methods of manipulation and repression, the puppet regimes of imperialism under occupation and the murderous role of the US Military Bases. Besides, the armed criminals of the USA, having excelled in suppressing the Greek armed revolutionary movement – criminals like the head of the “US Joint Military Advisory Group” and enforcer of the “Truman Doctrine”, the notorious General James Alward Van Fleet – were sent to Korea to continue their atrocities.
Our revolution was defeated. However, the communists, through the self-sacrifice of the fighters of the Democratic Army of Greece, despite their military defeat by the overwhelmingly superior forces of imperialism, succeeded in delaying enemy troops from engaging in the war against the revolutions of the fraternal peoples of Korea and China and in inflicting significant blows on them. In this way, de facto, and without realizing it, as a component of the world revolutionary forces, they contributed to the victory of the revolutions there and to the consolidation of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (in existence since 1945) and the People’s Republic of China (1949) .
These historical events are of particular importance at the present juncture. In 2022, the Special Military Operation was launched in Ukraine, while escalating tensions indicate that in 2023 the chances are very high that new strategically significant fronts of the ongoing World War in South Korea and Taiwan will erupt with great ferocity – as comrade Stefan has documented in his presentation.
The aforementioned historical events testify both to the similarities between the history and the heroic struggles of the peoples of Greece and Korea, and to the fraternal internationalist ties between the revolutionary forces of our countries. We ought therefore to preserve and develop these ties, especially at this critical phase of the escalation of the Third World War, with the military operations conducted by the US-NATO-EU axis in Ukraine (where more than 55 countries are involved) and the explosive situation on the fronts of the Korean Peninsula and Taiwan.
This war is unambiguously imperialist, neo-colonialist, predatory and clearly unjust on the part of the aggressor axis led by the USA. The heinousness of this war is also marked by the fact that this axis revives, instrumentalizes, sanctifies, glorifies and strengthens nazism-fascism in every way and by every means (in Ukraine and elsewhere) in order to achieve its murderous and destructive aims. The exact opposite is de facto true of the camp formed and rallied by the forces defending and forced to counterattack the axis: it is a war of resistance, an anti-imperialist, anti-colonialist and clearly just war.
In addition to the already tangible results of this war, apart from the massive destruction of American and NATO weapons systems and material in general, apart from the destruction of armed forces fighting in the service of the aggressor axis, it also has other extremely important effects on the economic, political, military and diplomatic fronts.
The rapid displacement of the US dollar and the euro from the position and role of international reserve currencies marks the enormous changes taking place in the world economic system: for the first time in the history of capitalism, the economic mechanism of parasitism of the financial oligarchy of imperialism, the system of extracting surplus value on a regional and global scale by extracting monopoly superprofits from all other peoples, is being undermined. A mechanism that operates largely through the imposition via the world currency of a peculiar system of burdening other countries, e.g. with the cost of the budget deficit of the USA (the most indebted state in history), through the arbitrary (printed or digital) issuance of currency, i.e., by imposing a peculiar “tribute tax” on the peoples of the planet .
These changes are also linked to rapid political and diplomatic shifts. With the catalytic contribution of, for example, the PRC and Russia, peace settlements and peace processes are taking place between countries with long-standing conflicts, orchestrated by colonialism and imperialism, on the basis of the principle of โ€œdivide and ruleโ€, through bloody incitement of ethnic, racial, religious and cultural hatred. This can be seen with the peace between Saudi Arabia and Iran (and therefore Yemen), with the recognition of the legitimate government of Syria and its reintegration into the Arab and Islamic community, with the rapprochement between Iraq and Iran, but also between India, Pakistan and China, and so on. All this entails a rapid expulsion of the US from the region and the shrinking-abrogation of the position and role of the racist terrorist state, Zionist Israel.
Economic, political and diplomatic changes are accompanied by military approaches, partnerships and alliances. Events that signal and promote the abject failure of the US-led imperialist camp to consolidate its presence and control in the Middle East, Central Asia, the Far East, Latin America and Africa.
It is in the light of these changes that tensions in the Asia-Pacific region, and particularly in the organically interconnected fronts of the Korean Peninsula and Taiwan, are also sharply escalating, as comrade Stefan explained. Both these fronts are interconnected with each other and with those of Eastern Europe, not only geographically but also historically. Here it suffices to point out that the aforementioned tectonic shifts of power highlight contestations of legacies that emerged from the end of World War II, from the “Cold War” and from the processes of counter-revolution and disintegration of the USSR and the camp of early socialism in Europe.
The conflict in Ukraine marks the end of the escalation of the subjugation by imperialism and the further fragmentation of the post-Soviet space as a whole, with the Russian Federation now as the main target – the only entity that can currently play the role of re-unifier and of a pole of attraction of this space.
The conflict on the Korean peninsula is intertwined with phenomena which can be explained by V.I. Lenin’s brilliant discoveries about imperialism as the highest stage of capitalism and about the “weak link” of the world system, within which the chances of the outbreak of a revolutionary situation, which can lead to a victorious revolution , are increasing. This conflict constitutes a war of people’s and national liberation, a war of re-unification of the heroic Korean nation, a war of liberation from the brutal imperialist invasion-occupation of the USA, which came to succeed the brutal imperialist occupation of the Japanese militaristic monarchy. Given the victorious socialist revolution and construction in North Korea and its proximity to the PRC, the national liberation stage, which will also include anti-fascist tasks of democratizing society and restructuring the economy in terms of people’s sovereignty – apparently – will be rather short in time, organically linked to the socialist stage, in a single revolutionary process .
Of extreme importance for the victorious outcome of the national liberation struggle and the socialist revolution in the entirety of the Korean peninsula will be the international anti-imperialist support, the internationalist solidarity by all means and at all levels. The anti-imperialist forces should contribute to the weakening and prevention of any criminal counter-revolutionary undertaking of imperialism. Of course, against the trilateral imperialist alliance of the USA-Japan-South Korea-Australia and the general expansion of NATO in the Asia-Pacific that the USA are planning, the cooperation-alliance in all fields between the PRC, North Korea, Russia as well as all the powers that tend to align themselves with them will have a decisive contribution.
The conflict on the Taiwanese front, with its revolutionary potential, has similar characteristics – in terms of proportions and scale – (national liberation, nation re-unification, anti-imperialist, etc.).
Given the above, the aims of the World Anti-Imperialist Platform take on strategic importance for the revolutionary movement of the time. Today it becomes more necessary than ever to create, develop, coordinate and organize the anti-imperialist forces of the world in a victorious frontal struggle at all levels, in all countries, on all continents. Especially where the heart of the revolutionary movement beats most strongly. The defeat of the aggressor axis under the United States is a condition for the very survival of humanity, and therefore for the victories of the revolutionary movement. This is why the project of founding and developing the “Anti-imperialist Coordination for the Defeat of NATO” in Greece is of particular importance.
The defeat of imperialism in this life-or-death confrontation presupposes the exposure and crushing of the internal enemy, opportunism (the de facto agitation of the aims of imperialism within the ranks of the revolutionary movement) and revisionism, the degeneration of revolutionary theory and methodology into bourgeois-reactionary ideological constructs (which often appear with a “revolutionary” facade and demagogic “leftist” rhetoric), which disorientate, divide, undermine and ultimately nullify the revolutionary movement, rejecting existing early socialism and anti-imperialism, nullifying any victorious dialectical relationship between revolutionary theory and praxis, strategy and tactics.
This toxic web of opportunism-revisionism, which today constitutes a strategically important striking force of imperialism and counter-revolution, is today overtly playing the role of an organic component of the black reaction. We must therefore expose its subversive role and its systematic divisive-disruptive activity at national and international-world level. This toxic web fundamentally undermines theoretically and practically, morally, politically and organizationally the constitution, cohesion and combative effectiveness in the ranks of the movement, in the vanguards and at the rear of the battlefields, at a time when strength in unity, unwavering faith in our victory and effectiveness are more necessary than ever. Exposing its vile deception and its subversive in addition to its moral, political, theoretical and ideological crushing is an urgent task of the steadfast world anti-imperialist and communist forces.
The progressive people of our planet are called upon today to consider what the consequences of a victory of the US-led imperialist axis of aggression might have not only for the revolutionary movement, but also for the very survival of humanity. Only with the exemplary, pioneering and leading role of the revolutionary communist forces can the frontal anti-imperialist struggle have a basis and a future, only the perspective of the socialist revolution can give strategic depth and victorious breath to anti-imperialism and anti-fascism.
The self-sacrifice of our two executed heroes and the rallying of 176 Greek internationalists with the revolutionary forces of the PR of Korea in 1951 sealed the beginnings of the internationalist ties between our peoples. They show the way for the consolidation and development of revolutionary internationalism and the anti-imperialism of our time on a global scale.
Based on our strategic objectives, we also define our tactics, we set the priorities of the struggle, understand who the main enemy is and who our strategic and tactical allies are in the frontal struggle with strategic depth and victorious prospects. The crushing of the US-led Euro-Atlantic axis on all fronts is our initial common goal, since it constitutes a necessary condition for the survival of humanity and for the revolutionary perspective of the peoples.
Out with the bases of death!
Out of the US-NATO-EU imperialist mechanisms!
Crush the Euro-Atlantic axis on all fronts!
Long live the struggle of the peoples of Korea and China for the re-unification of the nation and for socialism!
Long live the world anti-imperialist struggle and internationalist solidarity!
Struggle until the final victory!

Greek

ฮ— ฮบฮปฮนฮผฮฌฮบฯ‰ฯƒฮท ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮ“โ€™ ฮ ฮ  ฯƒฯ„ฮฑ ฮผฮญฯ„ฯ‰ฯ€ฮฑ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮ•ฯ…ฯฯŽฯ€ฮทฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮ†ฯ€ฯ‰ ฮ‘ฮฝฮฑฯ„ฮฟฮปฮฎฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ„ฮฑ ฮบฮฑฮธฮฎฮบฮฟฮฝฯ„ฮฑ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮฑฮฝฯ„ฮนฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮฟฯ ฮผฮตฯ„ฯ‰ฯ€ฮนฮบฮฟฯ ฮฑฮณฯŽฮฝฮฑ

ฮฃฯ…ฮปฮปฮฟฮณฮนฮบฯŒฯ„ฮทฯ„ฮฑ ฮฑฮณฯŽฮฝฮฑ ฮณฮนฮฑ ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮ•ฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎ ฮ•ฮฝฮฟฯ€ฮฟฮฏฮทฯƒฮท ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮฑฮฝฮธฯฯ‰ฯ€ฯŒฯ„ฮทฯ„ฮฑฯ‚ (ฮ•ฮปฮปฮฌฮดฮฑ)

ฮ‘ฮณฮฑฯ€ฮทฯ„ฮฟฮฏ ฯ†ฮฏฮปฮฟฮน, ฯƒฯ…ฮฝฮฑฮณฯ‰ฮฝฮนฯƒฯ„ฮญฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯƒฯฮฝฯ„ฯฮฟฯ†ฮฟฮน,
ฮ— ยซฮฃฯ…ฮปฮปฮฟฮณฮนฮบฯŒฯ„ฮทฯ„ฮฑ ฮฑฮณฯŽฮฝฮฑ ฮณฮนฮฑ ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮ•ฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎ ฮ•ฮฝฮฟฯ€ฮฟฮฏฮทฯƒฮท ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮ‘ฮฝฮธฯฯ‰ฯ€ฯŒฯ„ฮทฯ„ฮฑฯ‚ยป ฯƒฮฑฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮปฯ‰ฯƒฮฟฯฮฏฮถฮตฮน ฯƒฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฯƒฮทฮผฮตฯฮนฮฝฮฎ ฮผฮฑฯ‚ ฮตฮบฮดฮฎฮปฯ‰ฯƒฮท.
ฮ‘ฯ€ฯŒฯˆฮต ฮตฮฏฮฝฮฑฮน ฮนฮดฮนฮฑฮฏฯ„ฮตฯฮท ฮท ฯ‡ฮฑฯฮฌ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮท ฯƒฯ…ฮณฮบฮฏฮฝฮทฯƒฮฎ ฮผฮฑฯ‚, ฮผฮนฮฑฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ†ฮนฮปฮฟฮพฮตฮฝฮฟฯฮผฮต ฮตฮพฮฑฮนฯฮตฯ„ฮนฮบฮฟฯฯ‚ ฮšฮฟฯฮตฮฌฯ„ฮตฯ‚ ฯƒฯ…ฮฝฮฑฮณฯ‰ฮฝฮนฯƒฯ„ฮญฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯƒฯ…ฮฝฯ„ฯฯŒฯ†ฮฟฯ…ฯ‚ ฮฑฯ€ฯŒ ฯ„ฮฟ ฮฑฮดฮตฮปฯ†ฯŒ ฮšฯŒฮผฮผฮฑ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮ›ฮฑฯŠฮบฮฎฯ‚ ฮ”ฮทฮผฮฟฮบฯฮฑฯ„ฮฏฮฑฯ‚, ฮผฮต ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮฑฯ€ฮฟฯ†ฮฑฯƒฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎ ฯ€ฯฯ‰ฯ„ฮฟฮฒฮฟฯ…ฮปฮฏฮฑ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯƒฯ…ฮผฮฒฮฟฮปฮฎ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮฟฯ€ฮฟฮฏฮฟฯ… ฯƒฯ…ฮณฮบฯฮฟฯ„ฮฎฮธฮทฮบฮต ฮบฮฑฮน ฮฑฮฝฮฑฯ€ฯ„ฯฯƒฯƒฮตฯ„ฮฑฮน ฮท ฮ ฮฑฮณฮบฯŒฯƒฮผฮนฮฑ ฮ‘ฮฝฯ„ฮนฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎ ฮ ฮปฮฑฯ„ฯ†ฯŒฯฮผฮฑ
ฮ— ยซฮ•ฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎ ฮ•ฮฝฮฟฯ€ฮฟฮฏฮทฯƒฮทยป, ฮผฮฑฮถฮฏ ฮผฮต ฯ„ฮนฯ‚ ฯƒฯ…ฮฝฮตฯ€ฮตฮฏฯ‚ ฯ€ฯฮฟฮฟฮดฮตฯ…ฯ„ฮนฮบฮญฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฮญฯ‚ ฮดฯ…ฮฝฮฌฮผฮตฮนฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮปฮฑฮฟฯ ฮผฮฑฯ‚, ฯƒฯ…ฮฝฯ„ฮฌฯƒฯƒฮตฯ„ฮฑฮน ฮฑฮบฮปฯŒฮฝฮทฯ„ฮฑ ฮบฮฌฯ„ฯ‰ ฮฑฯ€ฯŒ ฯ„ฮฟ ฮปฮฌฮฒฮฑฯฮฟ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮดฮนฮตฮธฮฝฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮฟฯ ฮฑฮฝฯ„ฮนฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฮผฮฟฯ ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฮผฮฌฯ‡ฮฟฮฝฯ„ฮฑฮน ฮผฮญฯ‡ฯฮน ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฯ„ฮตฮปฮนฮบฮฎ ฮฝฮฏฮบฮท! ฮคฮฌฯƒฯƒฮตฯ„ฮฑฮน ฮตฯ€ฮฏฯƒฮทฯ‚ ฮฑฯ€ฮฟฯ†ฮฑฯƒฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮฌ ฯƒฯ„ฮฟ ฯ€ฮปฮตฯ…ฯฯŒ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮšฮฟฯฮตฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฮฟฯ ฮปฮฑฮฟฯ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฯ€ฯฯ‰ฯ„ฮฟฯ€ฮฟฯฮฏฮฑฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟฯ…, ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฮฑฮณฮฑฯ€ฮทฯ„ฯŽฮฝ ฯƒฯ…ฮฝฯ„ฯฯŒฯ†ฯ‰ฮฝ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮฑฮดฮตฮปฯ†ฮฟฯ ฮšฯŒฮผฮผฮฑฯ„ฮฟฯ‚ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮ›ฮฑฯŠฮบฮฎฯ‚ ฮ”ฮทฮผฮฟฮบฯฮฑฯ„ฮฏฮฑฯ‚, ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฮผฮฑฯ‚ ฯ„ฮนฮผฮฟฯฮฝ ฯƒฮฎฮผฮตฯฮฑ ฮผฮต ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮตฮฝฮตฯฮณฯŒ ฯ€ฮฑฯฮฟฯ…ฯƒฮฏฮฑ ฯ„ฮฟฯ…ฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯƒฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮ‘ฮธฮฎฮฝฮฑ.
ฮ— ฯƒฯ…ฮฝฮดฮนฮฟฯฮณฮฌฮฝฯ‰ฯƒฮท ฮฑฯ…ฯ„ฮฎ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮท ฯƒฯ…ฮผฮผฮตฯ„ฮฟฯ‡ฮฎ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฯƒฯ…ฮฝฯ„ฯฯŒฯ†ฯ‰ฮฝ ฮผฮฑฯ‚ ฮตฮดฯŽ ฮดฮตฮฝ ฮตฮฏฮฝฮฑฮน ฯ„ฯ…ฯ‡ฮฑฮฏฮฑ. ฮˆฯฯ‡ฮตฯ„ฮฑฮน ฮฝฮฑ ฮตฯ€ฮนฮฒฮตฮฒฮฑฮนฯŽฯƒฮตฮน ฯ„ฮฑ ฮตฮบฯ€ฮปฮทฮบฯ„ฮนฮบฮฌ ฮบฮฟฮนฮฝฮฌ ฯƒฯ„ฮฟฮนฯ‡ฮตฮฏฮฑ ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฮตฮฝฯ„ฮฟฯ€ฮฏฮถฮตฮน ฮท ฯƒฯ„ฮฟฮนฯ‡ฮตฮนฯŽฮดฮทฯ‚ ฮผฮตฮปฮญฯ„ฮท ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮนฯƒฯ„ฮฟฯฮฏฮฑฯ‚ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฯ‡ฯ‰ฯฯŽฮฝ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฮฑฮณฯŽฮฝฯ‰ฮฝ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฯ€ฮฟฮปฯฯ€ฮฑฮธฯ‰ฮฝ ฮปฮฑฯŽฮฝ ฮผฮฑฯ‚. ฮ”ฯฮฟ ฮปฮฑฯŽฮฝ, ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฮฒฯฮญฮธฮทฮบฮฑฮฝ ฯƒฯ„ฮฟ ฮผฮฌฯ„ฮน ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮฟฯ ฮบฯ…ฮบฮปฯŽฮฝฮฑ ฯƒฯ„ฮนฯ‚ ฯ€ฮนฮฟ ฮบฯฮฏฯƒฮนฮผฮตฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮผฯ€ฮญฯ‚ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮนฯƒฯ„ฮฟฯฮฏฮฑฯ‚, ฮปฯŒฮณฯ‰ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟฯ…ฯ‚ ฯƒฯ„ฮฌฯƒฮทฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮตฮพโ€™ ฮฑฮนฯ„ฮฏฮฑฯ‚ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮณฮฑฮนฮฟฯƒฯ„ฯฮฑฯ„ฮทฮณฮนฮบฮฎฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟฯ…ฯ‚ ฮธฮญฯƒฮทฯ‚: ฯƒฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮšฮฟฯฮตฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎ ฯ‡ฮตฯฯƒฯŒฮฝฮทฯƒฮฟ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯƒฯ„ฮฟ ฮฯŒฯ„ฮนฮฟ ฮฌฮบฯฮฟ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮ’ฮฑฮปฮบฮฑฮฝฮนฮบฮฎฯ‚ ฯ‡ฮตฯฯƒฮฟฮฝฮฎฯƒฮฟฯ…, ฯƒฯ„ฮฟ ฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯ…ฯฮฟฮดฯฯŒฮผฮน ฮทฯ€ฮตฮฏฯฯ‰ฮฝ, ฯƒฯ„ฯฮฑฯ„ฮทฮณฮนฮบฯŽฮฝ ฮฟฮดฯŽฮฝ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฯŽฮฝ ฮบฯ…ฮผฮฌฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ.
ฮ•ฮผฮตฮฏฯ‚ ฮดฮตฮฝ ฮปฮทฯƒฮผฮฟฮฝฮฟฯฮผฮต ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮนฯƒฯ„ฮฟฯฮฏฮฑ ฮผฮฑฯ‚. ฮคฮฟ ฮบฮฑฮปฮฟฮบฮฑฮฏฯฮน ฯ„ฮฟฯ… 1950 ฮฟฮน ฮ—ฮ ฮ‘ -ฮผฮญฯƒฯ‰ ฮฒฮฌฮฝฮฑฯ…ฯƒฮทฯ‚ ฯ‡ฮตฮนฯฮฑฮณฯŽฮณฮทฯƒฮทฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮŸฮ—ฮ•- ฮทฮณฮฎฮธฮทฮบฮฑฮฝ ฯƒฯ„ฯฮฑฯ„ฮนฯ‰ฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎฯ‚ ฮตฮนฯƒฮฒฮฟฮปฮฎฯ‚ ฯƒฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮšฮฟฯฮตฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎ ฮงฮตฯฯƒฯŒฮฝฮทฯƒฮฟ ฯ€ฯฮฟฮบฮตฮนฮผฮญฮฝฮฟฯ… ฮฝฮฑ ฮบฮฑฯ„ฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮตฮฏฮปฮฟฯ…ฮฝ ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮตฮธฮฝฮนฮบฮฟฮฑฯ€ฮตฮปฮตฯ…ฮธฮตฯฯ‰ฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯƒฮฟฯƒฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎ ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮฌฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯƒฮท ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮปฮฑฮฟฯ ฮผฮต ฮตฯ€ฮนฮบฮตฯ†ฮฑฮปฮฎฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟฯ…ฯ‚ ฮบฮฟฮผฮผฮฟฯ…ฮฝฮนฯƒฯ„ฮญฯ‚ ฯƒฯ„ฮท ฮ›.ฮ”. ฮšฮฟฯฮญฮฑฯ‚. ฮฃฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฯ†ฮฟฮฝฮนฮบฮฎ ฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎ ฮตฮนฯƒฮฒฮฟฮปฮฎ ฯ€ฮฎฯฮฑฮฝ ฮผฮญฯฮฟฯ‚ 21 ฯ‡ฯŽฯฮตฯ‚. ฮ•ฮฝฮฑฮฝฯ„ฮฏฮฟฮฝ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฯ€ฮฟฮปฮญฮผฮฟฯ… ฯ„ฮฌฯ‡ฮธฮทฮบฮฑฮฝ ฮฟฮน ฮบฮฟฮผฮผฮฟฯ…ฮฝฮนฯƒฯ„ฮญฯ‚-ฮดฮนฮตฮธฮฝฮนฯƒฯ„ฮญฯ‚, ฮท ฮ•ฮฃฮฃฮ”, ฯŒฮปฮตฯ‚ ฮฟฮน ฯ€ฯฯŽฮนฮผฮตฯ‚ ฯƒฮฟฯƒฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮญฯ‚ ฯ‡ฯŽฯฮตฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ„ฮฟ ฯƒฯฮฝฮฟฮปฮฟ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฮฑฮฝฯ„ฮนฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฯŽฮฝ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ€ฯฮฟฮฟฮดฮตฯ…ฯ„ฮนฮบฯŽฮฝ ฮดฯ…ฮฝฮฌฮผฮตฯ‰ฮฝ. ฮฃฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎ ฮฑฯ€ฮฟฯƒฯ„ฮฟฮปฮฎ ฯƒฯ„ฮฌฮปฮธฮทฮบฮฑฮฝ -ฮบฯ…ฯฮฏฯ‰ฯ‚ ฮดฮนฮฌ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮฒฮฏฮฑฯ‚- 669 ฮฑฮพฮนฯ‰ฮผฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฮฟฮฏ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ…ฯ€ฮฑฮพฮนฯ‰ฮผฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฮฟฮฏ ฮบฮฑฮน 9.586 ฮฟฯ€ฮปฮฏฯ„ฮตฯ‚ (ฯƒฯ…ฮฝฮฟฮปฮนฮบฮฌ 10.255) ฮฑฯ€ฯŒ ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮ•ฮปฮปฮฌฮดฮฑ. ฮฃฯ„ฮฌฮปฮธฮทฮบฮฑฮฝ ฮตฯ€ฮฏฯƒฮทฯ‚, 7 ฮฑฮตฯฮฟฯƒฮบฮฌฯ†ฮท ฮบฮฑฮน ฯƒฯ„ฮท ฯƒฯ…ฮฝฮญฯ‡ฮตฮนฮฑ ฮฌฮปฮปฮฑ 2 ฮณฮนฮฑ ฮฑฮฝฮฑฯ€ฮปฮฎฯฯ‰ฯƒฮท ฮฑฯ€ฯ‰ฮปฮตฮนฯŽฮฝ. ฮŸฮน ฮฑฯ€ฯŽฮปฮตฮนฮตฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฯƒฯ„ฯฮฑฯ„ฮฟฯ, ฯƒฯฮผฯ†ฯ‰ฮฝฮฑ ฮผฮต ฯ„ฮฑ ฮตฯ€ฮฏฯƒฮทฮผฮฑ ฯƒฯ„ฮฟฮนฯ‡ฮตฮฏฮฑ, ฮฎฯ„ฮฑฮฝ 183 ฮฝฮตฮบฯฮฟฮฏ ฮบฮฑฮน 610 ฯ„ฯฮฑฯ…ฮผฮฑฯ„ฮฏฮตฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮฟฮน ฮฑฯ€ฯŽฮปฮตฮนฮตฯ‚ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮฑฮตฯฮฟฯ€ฮฟฯฮฏฮฑฯ‚ 12 ฮฝฮตฮบฯฮฟฮฏ ฮบฮฑฮน 4 ฮฑฮตฯฮฟฯƒฮบฮฌฯ†ฮท . ฮ’ฮฌฯƒฮตฮน ฮฌฮปฮปฯ‰ฮฝ ฮผฮฑฯฯ„ฯ…ฯฮนฯŽฮฝ, ฮฟฮน ฮฝฮตฮบฯฮฟฮฏ ฯ…ฯ€ฮตฯฮญฮฒฮฑฮนฮฝฮฑฮฝ ฯ„ฮฟฯ…ฯ‚ 1.100 .
ฮคฮฟฮฝ ฮœฮฌฮนฮฟ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… 1951 ฮพฮญฯƒฯ€ฮฑฯƒฮต ฯƒฯ„ฮฌฯƒฮท ฯƒฮต ฮญฮฝฮฑ ฮฑฯ€โ€™ ฯ„ฮฑ ฮฑฮผฮตฯฮนฮบฮฑฮฝฮนฮบฮฌ ฯ€ฮปฮฟฮฏฮฑ ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฮผฮตฯ„ฮญฯ†ฮตฯฮฑฮฝ ฮˆฮปฮปฮทฮฝฮตฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮคฮฟฯฯฮบฮฟฯ…ฯ‚ ฯƒฯ„ฯฮฑฯ„ฮนฯŽฯ„ฮตฯ‚ ฯƒฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮšฮฟฯฮญฮฑ. ฮŸฮน ฯƒฯ„ฯฮฑฯ„ฮนฯŽฯ„ฮตฯ‚ ฯ€ฯฮฟฯƒฯ€ฮฌฮธฮทฯƒฮฑฮฝ ฮฝฮฑ ฮตฯ€ฮนฯ„ฮตฮธฮฟฯฮฝ ฯƒฯ„ฮฟฯ…ฯ‚ ฮ‘ฮผฮตฯฮนฮบฮฑฮฝฮฟฯฯ‚ ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฮฑฯ€ฮฟฯ„ฮตฮปฮฟฯฯƒฮฑฮฝ ฯ„ฮฟ ฯ€ฮปฮฎฯฯ‰ฮผฮฑ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฯ€ฮปฮฟฮฏฮฟฯ…. ฮฃฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮบฮฑฯ„ฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮฟฮปฮฎ ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฮฑฮบฮฟฮปฮฟฯฮธฮทฯƒฮต ฯƒฮบฮฟฯ„ฯŽฮธฮทฮบฮต ฮบฮฑฮน ฮฟ ฮตฯ€ฮนฮบฮตฯ†ฮฑฮปฮฎฯ‚ ฮˆฮปฮปฮทฮฝฮฑฯ‚ ฮฑฮฝฮธฯ…ฯ€ฮฟฮปฮฟฯ‡ฮฑฮณฯŒฯ‚.
22.1.1951 ฮตฮบฯ„ฮตฮปฮญฯƒฯ„ฮทฮบฮฑฮฝ ฮฟฮน ฮˆฮปฮปฮทฮฝฮตฯ‚ ฮดฮนฮตฮธฮฝฮนฯƒฯ„ฮญฯ‚ ฯƒฯ„ฯฮฑฯ„ฮนฯŽฯ„ฮตฯ‚, ฮผฮญฮปฮท ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮ•ฮ ฮŸฮ, ฮฃฯ„ฮฑฯฯฮฟฯ‚ ฮšฮฑฯƒฯƒฮฌฮฝฮดฯฮฑฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮฮฏฮบฮฟฯ‚ ฮ ฮนฯ„ฯƒฮฏฮบฮฑฯ‚, ฮตฯ€ฮตฮนฮดฮฎ ฮฑฯฮฝฮฎฮธฮทฮบฮฑฮฝ ฮฝฮฑ ฯ€ฮฟฮปฮตฮผฮฎฯƒฮฟฯ…ฮฝ ฮตฮฝฮฑฮฝฯ„ฮฏฮฟฮฝ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮฌฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯƒฮทฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮทฯฯ‰ฮนฮบฮฟฯ ฮปฮฑฮฟฯ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮšฮฟฯฮญฮฑฯ‚, ฮฑฯฮฝฮฎฮธฮทฮบฮฑฮฝ ฮฝฮฑ ฮณฮฏฮฝฮฟฯ…ฮฝ ฯŒฯฮณฮฑฮฝฮฑ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฯ€ฮฟฮปฮตฮผฮนฮบฮฎฯ‚ ฮผฮทฯ‡ฮฑฮฝฮฎฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฮผฮฟฯ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฮ—ฮ ฮ‘. 18.12.1950 ฯ„ฮฟ ฮˆฮบฯ„ฮฑฮบฯ„ฮฟ ฮฃฯ„ฯฮฑฯ„ฮฟฮดฮนฮบฮตฮฏฮฟ ฮ‘ฮธฮทฮฝฯŽฮฝ ฯ„ฮฟฯ…ฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฯ„ฮฑฮดฮฏฮบฮฑฯƒฮต ฯƒฮต ฮธฮฌฮฝฮฑฯ„ฮฟ, ฮตฯ€ฮฏ ฮตฯƒฯ‡ฮฌฯ„ฮท ฯ€ฯฮฟฮดฮฟฯƒฮฏฮฑ. ฮœฮต ฯƒฯ…ฮฝฮฟฯ€ฯ„ฮนฮบฮญฯ‚ ฮดฮนฮฑฮดฮนฮบฮฑฯƒฮฏฮตฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟ ฮฑฮผฮตฯฮนฮบฮฑฮฝฯŒฮดฮฟฯ…ฮปฮฟ ฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฯŒ ฮบฯฮฌฯ„ฮฟฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟฯ…ฯ‚ ฮตฮบฯ„ฮญฮปฮตฯƒฮต.
ฮ‘ฯฯ‡ฮญฯ‚ ฮฆฮตฮฒฯฮฟฯ…ฮฑฯฮฏฮฟฯ… ฯ„ฮฟฯ… 1951, 176 ฮˆฮปฮปฮทฮฝฮตฯ‚ ฯƒฯ„ฯฮฑฯ„ฮนฯŽฯ„ฮตฯ‚ ฯ€ฯฮฟฯƒฯ‡ฯŽฯฮทฯƒฮฑฮฝ ฯƒฯ„ฮนฯ‚ ฮณฯฮฑฮผฮผฮญฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮ›ฮฑฯŠฮบฮฟฯ ฮฃฯ„ฯฮฑฯ„ฮฟฯ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮšฮฟฯฮญฮฑฯ‚!
ฮ‘ฯ…ฯ„ฮญฯ‚ ฮฟฮน ฯ€ฮปฮทฯฮฟฯ†ฮฟฯฮฏฮตฯ‚ ฮดฮตฮฝ ฮตฮณฮณฯฮฌฯ†ฮฟฮฝฯ„ฮฑฮน ฯƒฯ„ฮฟ ฮตฯ€ฮฏฯƒฮทฮผฮฟ ฮฑฯ†ฮฎฮณฮทฮผฮฑ ฮ—ฮ ฮ‘-ฮฮ‘ฮคฮŸ-ฮ. ฮšฮฟฯฮญฮฑฯ‚ ฮณฮนฮฑ ฯ„ฮฟฮฝ ฯ€ฯŒฮปฮตฮผฮฟ, ฯƒฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎ ฮนฯƒฯ„ฮฟฯฮนฮฟฮณฯฮฑฯ†ฮฏฮฑ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯƒฯ„ฮฑ ฮตฮปฮตฮณฯ‡ฯŒฮผฮตฮฝฮฑ ฮœ.ฮœ.ฮ•.
ฮคฮฟฮฝ ฮฃฮตฯ€ฯ„ฮญฮผฮฒฯฮนฮฟ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… 1951, ยซฮฟฮน ฮ‘ฮผฮตฯฮนฮบฮฌฮฝฮฟฮน ฮผฮต ฮฒฮฟฮผฮฒฮฑฯฮดฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮฌ ฮฑฮตฯฮฟฯ€ฮปฮฌฮฝฮฑ ฮบฯ„ฯฯ€ฮทฯƒฮฑฮฝ ฯ€ฮนฯƒฯŽฯ€ฮปฮฑฯ„ฮฑ ฯ„ฮฟ ฮตฮปฮปฮทฮฝฮนฮบฯŒ ฯ„ฮฌฮณฮผฮฑ ฮณฮนฮฑ ฮฝฮฑ ฯ„ฮฟ ฮฑฮฝฮฑฮณฮบฮฌฯƒฮฟฯ…ฮฝ ฮฝฮฑ ฯ€ฮฌฯฮตฮน ฮผฮญฯฮฟฯ‚ ฯƒฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮตฯ€ฮฏฮธฮตฯƒฮท ฮณฮนฮฑ ฮบฮฑฯ„ฮฌฮปฮทฯˆฮท ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฯ…ฯˆฯŽฮผฮฑฯ„ฮฟฯ‚ ฮœฯ€ฮนฮณฮบ-ฮฯŒฯฮน. ฮŽฯƒฯ„ฮตฯฮฑ ฮฑฯ€ฯŒ ฮฑฯ…ฯ„ฯŒ ฯ„ฮฟ ฮญฮณฮบฮปฮทฮผฮฑ ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฯƒฯ„ฮฟฮฏฯ‡ฮนฯƒฮต ฯ„ฮท ฮถฯ‰ฮฎ ฯƒฮต ฯ€ฮฟฮปฮปฮฟฯฯ‚ ฮˆฮปฮปฮทฮฝฮตฯ‚ ฯ†ฮฑฮฝฯ„ฮฌฯฮฟฯ…ฯ‚, ฮดฯฮฟ ฮดฮนฮผฮฟฮนฯฮฏฮตฯ‚ ฮ•ฮปฮปฮฎฮฝฯ‰ฮฝ ฮตฮนฯƒฯŒฯฮผฮทฯƒฮฑฮฝ ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮฏฮดฮนฮฑ ฮฝฯฯ‡ฯ„ฮฑ ฯƒฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮญฮดฯฮฑ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮตฯ€ฮนฯ„ฮตฮปฮตฮฏฮฟฯ… ฮฑฮผฮตฯฮนฮบฮฑฮฝฮนฮบฮฎฯ‚ ฮผฮฟฮฝฮฌฮดฮฑฯ‚ ฯ€ฯ…ฯฮฟฮฒฮฟฮปฮนฮบฮฟฯ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯƒฮบฯŒฯ„ฯ‰ฯƒฮฑฮฝ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ„ฯฮฑฯ…ฮผฮฌฯ„ฮนฯƒฮฑฮฝ 50 ฮ‘ฮผฮตฯฮนฮบฮฌฮฝฮฟฯ…ฯ‚ ฯƒฯ„ฯฮฑฯ„ฮนฯŽฯ„ฮตฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮฑฮพฮนฯ‰ฮผฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฮฟฯฯ‚ยป .
ฮ ฯ‰ฯ‚ ฯ†ฯ„ฮฌฯƒฮฑฮผฮต ฯŒฮผฯ‰ฯ‚ ฯƒฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮตฮผฯ€ฮปฮฟฮบฮฎ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฯ‡ฯŽฯฮฑฯ‚ ฯƒฮต ฮฑฯ…ฯ„ฯŒฮฝ ฯ„ฮฟฮฝ ฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฯŒ ฯ€ฯŒฮปฮตฮผฮฟ; ฮคฮน ฮตฮฏฮฝฮฑฮน ฮฑฯ…ฯ„ฯŒ ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฯŽฮธฮทฯƒฮต ฯ„ฮฑ ฯ€ฮฑฮปฮนฮบฮฌฯฮนฮฑ ฯƒฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮฑฯ…ฯ„ฮฟฮธฯ…ฯƒฮฏฮฑ; ฮ“ฮนฮฑ ฮฝฮฑ ฮณฮฏฮฝฮตฮน ฮฑฮฝฯ„ฮนฮปฮทฯ€ฯ„ฯŒฯ‚ ฮฟ ฮทฯฯ‰ฮนฯƒฮผฯŒฯ‚ ฮฑฯ…ฯ„ฯŽฮฝ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฯƒฯ„ฯฮฑฯ„ฮนฯ‰ฯ„ฯŽฮฝ: ฮฟ ฮตฮปฮปฮทฮฝฮนฮบฯŒฯ‚ ฮปฮฑฯŒฯ‚ ฯ€ฮฟฮปฮตฮผฮฟฯฯƒฮต ฮฑฯ€ฯŒ ฯ„ฮฟ 1940. ฮœฯŒฮปฮนฯ‚ 30.8.1949 ฮตฮฏฯ‡ฮต ฮฝฮนฮบฮทฮธฮตฮฏ ฮฟ ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฯŒฯ‚ ฮบฮฟฮผฮผฮฟฯ…ฮฝฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฯŒฯ‚ ฮ”ฮทฮผฮฟฮบฯฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฯŒฯ‚ ฮฃฯ„ฯฮฑฯ„ฯŒฯ‚ ฮ•ฮปฮปฮฌฮดฮฑฯ‚, ฮฑฯ€ฯŒ ฯ„ฮฟฯ…ฯ‚ ฮšฮฑฯ„ฮฑฮบฯ„ฮทฯ„ฮญฯ‚ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฮ—ฮ ฮ‘ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ„ฮฟฯ…ฯ‚ ฮฝฯ„ฯŒฯ€ฮนฮฟฯ…ฯ‚ ฯƒฯ…ฮฝฮตฯฮณฮฌฯ„ฮตฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟฯ…ฯ‚, ฮฟฮน ฮฟฯ€ฮฟฮฏฮฟฮน ฯ€ฯฮนฮฝ ฮปฮฏฮณฮฑ ฯ‡ฯฯŒฮฝฮนฮฑ ฮฎฯ„ฮฑฮฝ ฮบฮฑฯ„ฮฌ ฮบฯฯฮนฮฟ ฮปฯŒฮณฮฟ ฯ€ฮนฯƒฯ„ฮฟฮฏ ฯƒฯ…ฮฝฮตฯฮณฮฌฯ„ฮตฯ‚ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฮฝฮฑฮถฮฏ ฮบฮฑฯ„ฮฑฮบฯ„ฮทฯ„ฯŽฮฝ. ฮ”ฮตฮบฮฌฮดฮตฯ‚ ฯ‡ฮนฮปฮนฮฌฮดฮตฯ‚ ฮฑฮณฯ‰ฮฝฮนฯƒฯ„ฯŽฮฝ ฯƒฯ…ฮฝฮตฮปฮฎฯ†ฮธฮทฯƒฮฑฮฝ, ฯ†ฯ…ฮปฮฑฮบฮฏฯƒฮธฮทฮบฮฑฮฝ, ฮฒฮฑฯƒฮฑฮฝฮฏฯƒฯ„ฮทฮบฮฑฮฝ, ฮตฮพฮฟฯฮฏฯƒฯ„ฮทฮบฮฑฮฝ ฯƒฮต ฯƒฯ„ฯฮฑฯ„ฯŒฯ€ฮตฮดฮฑ ฯƒฯ…ฮณฮบฮญฮฝฯ„ฯฯ‰ฯƒฮทฯ‚, ฮตฮฝฯŽ ฯ‡ฮนฮปฮนฮฌฮดฮตฯ‚ ฮตฮบฯ„ฮตฮปฮญฯƒฯ„ฮทฮบฮฑฮฝ ฮฑฯ€ฯŒ ฯ„ฮฟ ฮฑฮฝฯ„ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฯŒ ฮบฮฑฮธฮตฯƒฯ„ฯŽฯ‚ ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฮบฮฑฯ„ฮทฯฮธฯ…ฮฝฮฑฮฝ ฮฟฮน ฮ—ฮ ฮ‘. ฮคฮฟ ฮšฮšฮ•, ฮฑฮปฮปฮฌ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮบฮฌฮธฮต ฯ€ฯฮฟฮฟฮดฮตฯ…ฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎ ฮฟฯฮณฮฌฮฝฯ‰ฯƒฮท, ฮฒฯฮฏฯƒฮบฮฟฮฝฯ„ฮฑฮฝ ฯƒฮต ฮบฮฑฮธฮตฯƒฯ„ฯŽฯ‚ ฯ€ฮฑฯฮฑฮฝฮฟฮผฮฏฮฑฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮดฮนฯŽฮพฮตฯ‰ฮฝ. ฮ“ฮนฮฑ ฮฑฯ…ฯ„ฮฟฯฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟฯ…ฯ‚ ฮปฯŒฮณฮฟฯ…ฯ‚, ฮฟฮน ฮทฯฯ‰ฮนฮบฮญฯ‚ ฮตฮฝฮญฯฮณฮตฮนฮตฯ‚ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ 2 ฮตฮบฯ„ฮตฮปฮตฯƒฮธฮญฮฝฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฮดฮนฮตฮธฮฝฮนฯƒฯ„ฯŽฮฝ, ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ 176 ฯƒฯ„ฯฮฑฯ„ฮนฯ‰ฯ„ฯŽฮฝ ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฮฑฯ…ฯ„ฮฟฮผฯŒฮปฮทฯƒฮฑฮฝ ฮฑฯ€ฯŒ ฯ„ฮนฯ‚ ฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮญฯ‚ ฮดฯ…ฮฝฮฌฮผฮตฮนฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ€ฯฮฟฯƒฯ‡ฯŽฯฮทฯƒฮฑฮฝ ฯƒฯ„ฮฟฮฝ ฮบฮฟฯฮตฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฯŒ ฮ›ฮฑฯŠฮบฯŒ ฮฃฯ„ฯฮฑฯ„ฯŒ ฯ‰ฯ‚ ฮผฮฑฯ‡ฮทฯ„ฮญฯ‚ ฯ…ฯ€ฮญฯ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮฌฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯƒฮทฯ‚, ฮฑฮปฮปฮฌ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮฑฯ…ฯ„ฯŽฮฝ ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฮตฮพฮตฮณฮญฯฮธฮทฮบฮฑฮฝ ฮบฮฑฯ„ฮฌ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฯƒฯ„ฯฮฑฯ„ฮฟฯ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฮ—ฮ ฮ‘, ฯ€ฯฮฑฮณฮผฮฑฯ„ฮฟฯ€ฮฟฮนฮฎฮธฮทฮบฮฑฮฝ ฮฑฯ…ฮธฯŒฯฮผฮทฯ„ฮฑ, ฮผฮต ฯ€ฯฮฑฮบฯ„ฮนฮบฮฌ ฮฑฮฝฯฯ€ฮฑฯฮบฯ„ฮฟ -ฮนฮดฮนฮฑฮฏฯ„ฮตฯฮฑ ฮตฮบฮตฮฏ- ฯ„ฮฟฮฝ ฮผฮทฯ‡ฮฑฮฝฮนฯƒฮผฯŒ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮšฮšฮ• ฮผฮตฯ„ฮฌ ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฯ†ฮฟฮฝฮนฮบฮฎ ฮบฮฑฯ„ฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮฟฮปฮฎ ฯ„ฮฟฯ….
ฮคฮฟฮฝ ฯ€ฯŒฮปฮตฮผฮฟ ฮฑฯ…ฯ„ฯŒ ฮท ฯ„ฮฌฮพฮท ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮบฮตฯ†ฮฑฮปฮฑฮฏฮฟฯ… ฯ„ฮฟฮฝ ฮบฮญฯฮดฮนฯƒฮต ฯ‡ฮฌฯฮท ฯƒฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮพฮญฮฝฮท ฮตฮนฯƒฮฒฮฟฮปฮฎ-ฮตฯ€ฮญฮผฮฒฮฑฯƒฮท ฮผฮต ฯ„ฮนฯ‚ ฯ€ฮฑฯฮฑฯ€ฮฌฮฝฯ‰ ฮดฯ…ฮฝฮฌฮผฮตฮนฯ‚ ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฯƒฯ…ฯƒฯ€ฮตฮฏฯฯ‰ฯƒฮต, ฯƒฮต ฮผฮนฮฑฮฝ ฮฌฮบฯฯ‰ฯ‚ ฮดฯ…ฯƒฮผฮตฮฝฮฎ ฮณฮนฮฑ ฯ„ฮฟ ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฯŒ ฮบฮฏฮฝฮทฮผฮฑ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฯ‡ฯŽฯฮฑฯ‚ ฮดฮนฮตฮธฮฝฮฎ ฯƒฯ…ฮณฮบฯ…ฯฮฏฮฑ. ฮคฮฟ ฮบฮฑฮธฮตฯƒฯ„ฯŽฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฯ„ฮฟฯ‡ฮฎฯ‚ ฮผฮต ฯ„ฮนฯ‚ ฮ‘ฮผฮตฯฮนฮบฮฑฮฝฮฟ-ฮฮ‘ฮคฮŸฯŠฮบฮญฯ‚ ฮฒฮฌฯƒฮตฮนฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮฟ ฮฑฯƒฯ†ฯ…ฮบฯ„ฮนฮบฯŒฯ‚ ฮ•ฯ…ฯฯ‰ฮฑฯ„ฮปฮฑฮฝฯ„ฮนฮบฯŒฯ‚ ฮญฮปฮตฮณฯ‡ฮฟฯ‚ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฮฒฮฑฯƒฮนฮบฯŽฮฝ ฮดฮฟฮผฯŽฮฝ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮปฮตฮนฯ„ฮฟฯ…ฯฮณฮนฯŽฮฝ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฯ‡ฯŽฯฮฑฯ‚ ฮญฮปฮบฮฟฯ…ฮฝ ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮบฮฑฯ„ฮฑฮณฯ‰ฮณฮฎ ฯ„ฮฟฯ…ฯ‚ ฮฑฯ€ฯŒ ฮฑฯ…ฯ„ฮฌ ฯ„ฮฑ ฮบฮปฮทฯฮฟฮดฮฟฯ„ฮฎฮผฮฑฯ„ฮฑ.
ฮ ฮฑฮฝฮฟฮผฮฟฮนฯŒฯ„ฯ…ฯ€ฮท ฮผฮต ฮฑฯ…ฯ„ฮฎ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮ•ฮปฮปฮฌฮดฮฑฯ‚ ฮตฮฏฮฝฮฑฮน ฮบฮฑฮน ฮท ฮฝฮตฯŒฯ„ฮตฯฮท ฮนฯƒฯ„ฮฟฯฮฏฮฑ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮšฮฟฯฮญฮฑฯ‚. ฮŸฮน ฯƒฯ…ฮฝฮตฯฮณฮฌฯ„ฮตฯ‚ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฮ™ฮฑฯ€ฯŽฮฝฯ‰ฮฝ ฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฯ„ฯŽฮฝ ฮบฮฑฯ„ฮฑฮบฯ„ฮทฯ„ฯŽฮฝ, ฮญฮณฮนฮฝฮฑฮฝ ฮฑฮฏฯ†ฮฝฮทฯ‚ ฯŒฯฮณฮฑฮฝฮฑ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮฝฮญฮฟฯ… ฮบฮฑฯ„ฮฑฮบฯ„ฮทฯ„ฮฎ, ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฮผฮฟฯ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฮ—ฮ ฮ‘.
ฮคฮฑ ฮตฮบฮฑฯ„ฮฟฮผฮผฯฯฮนฮฑ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฮšฮฟฯฮตฮฑฯ„ฯŽฮฝ ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฮธฯ…ฯƒฮนฮฌฯƒฯ„ฮทฮบฮฑฮฝ ฯƒฯ„ฮฟฮฝ ฮฑฮณฯŽฮฝฮฑ , ฮญฯ‡ฮฟฯ…ฮฝ ฮณฯฮฌฯˆฮตฮน ฮผฮฏฮฑ ฮฑฯ€ฯŒ ฯ„ฮนฯ‚ ฯ€ฮนฮฟ ฮปฮฑฮผฯ€ฯฮญฯ‚ ฯƒฮตฮปฮฏฮดฮตฯ‚ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฯ€ฮฑฮณฮบฯŒฯƒฮผฮนฮฑฯ‚ ฮนฯƒฯ„ฮฟฯฮฏฮฑฯ‚ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮฑฮฝฯ„ฮฏฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯƒฮทฯ‚ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฮปฮฑฯŽฮฝ. ฮ•ฯ€ฮฏฯƒฮทฯ‚ ฮดฮตฮฝ ฯ€ฯฮญฯ€ฮตฮน ฮฝฮฑ ฮปฮทฯƒฮผฮฟฮฝฮฟฯฮผฮต ฯ„ฮนฯ‚ ฮตฮบฮฑฯ„ฮฟฮฝฯ„ฮฌฮดฮตฯ‚ ฯ‡ฮนฮปฮนฮฌฮดฮตฯ‚ ฮฑฮฝฮฎฮปฮนฮบฮฑ ฮบฮฟฯฮฏฯ„ฯƒฮนฮฑ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮณฯ…ฮฝฮฑฮฏฮบฮตฯ‚ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮšฮฟฯฮญฮฑฯ‚, ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฮฑฯ€ฮฎฯ‡ฮธฮทฯƒฮฑฮฝ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ…ฯ€ฮฟฮดฮฟฯ…ฮปฯŽฮธฮทฮบฮฑฮฝ ฯ€ฯฮฟฯ‚ ฯƒฮตฮพฮฟฯ…ฮฑฮปฮนฮบฮฎ ฮตฮบฮผฮตฯ„ฮฌฮปฮปฮตฯ…ฯƒฮท ฮฑฯ€ฯŒ ฯ„ฮฟฮฝ ฯƒฯ„ฯฮฑฯ„ฯŒ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎฯ‚ ฮ™ฮฑฯ€ฯ‰ฮฝฮฏฮฑฯ‚ ฯ‰ฯ‚ ยซฮณฯ…ฮฝฮฑฮฏฮบฮตฯ‚ ฮฑฮฝฮฑฮบฮฟฯฯ†ฮนฯƒฮทฯ‚ยป ฮผฮต ฯŒฯฮฟฯ…ฯ‚ ฮณฮตฮฝฮฟฮบฯ„ฮฟฮฝฮฏฮฑฯ‚ โ€ฆ
ฮ ฮฑฮฝฮฟฮผฮฟฮนฯŒฯ„ฯ…ฯ€ฮตฯ‚ ฮตฮฏฮฝฮฑฮน ฯƒฯ„ฮนฯ‚ ฮดฯฮฟ ฯ‡ฯŽฯฮตฯ‚ ฮฟฮน ฮผฮญฮธฮฟฮดฮฟฮน ฯ‡ฮตฮนฯฮฑฮณฯŽฮณฮทฯƒฮทฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮบฮฑฯ„ฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮฟฮปฮฎฯ‚, ฯ„ฮฑ ฮบฮฑฮธฮตฯƒฯ„ฯŽฯ„ฮฑ ฮผฮฑฯฮนฮฟฮฝฮญฯ„ฮตฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฮผฮฟฯ ฯƒฮต ฮบฮฑฮธฮตฯƒฯ„ฯŽฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฯ„ฮฟฯ‡ฮฎฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮฟ ฯ†ฮฟฮฝฮนฮบฯŒฯ‚ ฯฯŒฮปฮฟฯ‚ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฮ‘ฮผฮตฯฮนฮบฮฑฮฝฮนฮบฯŽฮฝ ฮฃฯ„ฯฮฑฯ„ฮนฯ‰ฯ„ฮนฮบฯŽฮฝ ฮ’ฮฌฯƒฮตฯ‰ฮฝ .
ฮ— ฮดฮนฮบฮฎ ฮผฮฑฯ‚ ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮฌฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯƒฮท ฮทฯ„ฯ„ฮฎฮธฮทฮบฮต. ฮฉฯƒฯ„ฯŒฯƒฮฟ, ฮฟฮน ฮบฮฟฮผฮผฮฟฯ…ฮฝฮนฯƒฯ„ฮญฯ‚, ฮผฮต ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮฑฯ…ฯ„ฮฟฮธฯ…ฯƒฮฏฮฑ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฮผฮฑฯ‡ฮทฯ„ฯŽฮฝ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮ”ฮทฮผฮฟฮบฯฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฮฟฯ ฮฃฯ„ฯฮฑฯ„ฮฟฯ ฮ•ฮปฮปฮฌฮดฮฑฯ‚, ฯ€ฮฑฯฮฌ ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฯƒฯ„ฯฮฑฯ„ฮนฯ‰ฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎ ฮฎฯ„ฯ„ฮฑ ฯ„ฮฟฯ…ฯ‚ ฮฑฯ€ฯŒ ฯ„ฮนฯ‚ ฯƒฯ…ฮฝฯ„ฯฮนฯ€ฯ„ฮนฮบฮฌ ฯ…ฯ€ฮญฯฯ„ฮตฯฮตฯ‚ ฮดฯ…ฮฝฮฌฮผฮตฮนฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฮผฮฟฯ, ฮบฮฑฯ„ฮฌฯ†ฮตฯฮฑฮฝ ฮฝฮฑ ฮบฮฑฮธฯ…ฯƒฯ„ฮตฯฮฎฯƒฮฟฯ…ฮฝ ฯƒฯ„ฯฮฑฯ„ฮตฯฮผฮฑฯ„ฮฑ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮตฯ‡ฮธฯฮฟฯ ฮฑฯ€ฯŒ ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮตฮผฯ€ฮปฮฟฮบฮฎ ฯ„ฮฟฯ…ฯ‚ ฯƒฯ„ฮฟฮฝ ฯ€ฯŒฮปฮตฮผฮฟ ฮบฮฑฯ„ฮฌ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮฌฯƒฮตฯ‰ฮฝ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฮฑฮดฮตฮปฯ†ฯŽฮฝ ฮปฮฑฯŽฮฝ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮšฮฟฯฮญฮฑฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮšฮฏฮฝฮฑฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮฝฮฑ ฯ„ฮฟฯ…ฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฯ„ฮฑฯ†ฮญฯฮฟฯ…ฮฝ ฯƒฮทฮผฮฑฮฝฯ„ฮนฮบฮฌ ฯ€ฮปฮฎฮณฮผฮฑฯ„ฮฑ. ฮœฮต ฮฑฯ…ฯ„ฯŒ ฯ„ฮฟฮฝ ฯ„ฯฯŒฯ€ฮฟ, ฮตฮบ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฯ€ฯฮฑฮณฮผฮฌฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ, ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ‡ฯ‰ฯฮฏฯ‚ ฮฝฮฑ ฯ„ฮฟ ฯƒฯ…ฮฝฮตฮนฮดฮทฯ„ฮฟฯ€ฮฟฮนฮฟฯฮฝ, ฯ‰ฯ‚ ฯƒฯ…ฮฝฮนฯƒฯ„ฯŽฯƒฮฑ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฯ€ฮฑฮณฮบฯŒฯƒฮผฮนฯ‰ฮฝ ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฯŽฮฝ ฮดฯ…ฮฝฮฌฮผฮตฯ‰ฮฝ, ฯƒฯ…ฮฝฮญฮฒฮฑฮปฮปฮฑฮฝ ฯƒฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮฝฮฏฮบฮท ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฮตฮบฮตฮฏ ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮฌฯƒฮตฯ‰ฮฝ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯƒฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮตฮดฯฮฑฮฏฯ‰ฯƒฮท ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮ›ฮฑฮฟฮบฯฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎฯ‚ ฮ”ฮทฮผฮฟฮบฯฮฑฯ„ฮฏฮฑฯ‚ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮšฮฟฯฮญฮฑฯ‚ (ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฯ…ฯ†ฮฏฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯ„ฮฑฮน ฮฑฯ€ฯŒ ฯ„ฮฟ 1945) ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮ›.ฮ”. ฮšฮฏฮฝฮฑฯ‚ (1949) .
ฮ‘ฯ…ฯ„ฮฌ ฯ„ฮฑ ฮนฯƒฯ„ฮฟฯฮนฮบฮฌ ฮณฮตฮณฮฟฮฝฯŒฯ„ฮฑ ฮญฯ‡ฮฟฯ…ฮฝ ฮนฮดฮนฮฑฮฏฯ„ฮตฯฮท ฯƒฮทฮผฮฑฯƒฮฏฮฑ ฯƒฯ„ฮท ฯƒฮทฮผฮตฯฮนฮฝฮฎ ฯƒฯ…ฮณฮบฯ…ฯฮฏฮฑ. ฮคฮฟ 2022 ฮพฮตฮบฮฏฮฝฮทฯƒฮต ฮท ฮ•ฮนฮดฮนฮบฮฎ ฮ ฮฟฮปฮตฮผฮนฮบฮฎ ฮ•ฯ€ฮนฯ‡ฮตฮฏฯฮทฯƒฮท ฯƒฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮŸฯ…ฮบฯฮฑฮฝฮฏฮฑ, ฮตฮฝฯŽ ฮท ฮบฮปฮนฮผฮฑฮบฮฟฯฮผฮตฮฝฮท ฮญฮฝฯ„ฮฑฯƒฮท ฮดฮตฮฏฯ‡ฮฝฮตฮน ฯŒฯ„ฮน ฯ„ฮฟ 2023 ฮตฮฏฮฝฮฑฮน ฯ€ฮฟฮปฯ ฮผฮตฮณฮฌฮปฮตฯ‚ ฮฟฮน ฯ€ฮนฮธฮฑฮฝฯŒฯ„ฮทฯ„ฮตฯ‚ ฮฝฮฑ ฮพฮตฯƒฯ€ฮฌฯƒฮฟฯ…ฮฝ ฮผฮต ฯƒฯ†ฮฟฮดฯฯŒฯ„ฮทฯ„ฮฑ -ฯŒฯ€ฯ‰ฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฯ„ฮญฮดฮตฮนฮพฮต ฯ„ฮตฮบฮผฮทฯฮนฯ‰ฮผฮญฮฝฮฑ ฯƒฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮตฮนฯƒฮฎฮณฮทฯƒฮฎ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮฟ ฯƒ. ฮฃฯ„ฮตฯ†ฮฌฮฝ- ฮฝฮญฮฑ ฯƒฯ„ฯฮฑฯ„ฮทฮณฮนฮบฮฎฯ‚ ฯƒฮทฮผฮฑฯƒฮฏฮฑฯ‚ ฮผฮญฯ„ฯ‰ฯ€ฮฑ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮตฮฝ ฮตฮพฮตฮปฮฏฮพฮตฮน ฮ ฮฑฮณฮบฮฟฯƒฮผฮฏฮฟฯ… ฮ ฮฟฮปฮญฮผฮฟฯ… ฯƒฯ„ฮท ฮฯŒฯ„ฮนฮฑ ฮšฮฟฯฮญฮฑ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮคฮฑฯŠฮฒฮฌฮฝ.
ฮคฮฑ ฯ€ฯฮฟฮฑฮฝฮฑฯƒฯ†ฮตฯฮธฮญฮฝฯ„ฮฑ ฮนฯƒฯ„ฮฟฯฮนฮบฮฌ ฮณฮตฮณฮฟฮฝฯŒฯ„ฮฑ ฮผฮฑฯฯ„ฯ…ฯฮฟฯฮฝ ฯ„ฯŒฯƒฮฟ ฯ„ฮนฯ‚ ฮฟฮผฮฟฮนฯŒฯ„ฮทฯ„ฮตฯ‚ ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฯ€ฮฑฯฮฟฯ…ฯƒฮนฮฌฮถฮฟฯ…ฮฝ ฮท ฮนฯƒฯ„ฮฟฯฮฏฮฑ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮฟฮน ฮทฯฯ‰ฮนฮบฮฟฮฏ ฮฑฮณฯŽฮฝฮตฯ‚ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฮปฮฑฯŽฮฝ ฮ•ฮปฮปฮฌฮดฮฑฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮšฮฟฯฮญฮฑฯ‚, ฯŒฯƒฮฟ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ„ฮฟฯ…ฯ‚ ฮฑฮดฮตฮปฯ†ฮนฮบฮฟฯฯ‚ ฮดฮนฮตฮธฮฝฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮฟฯฯ‚ ฮดฮตฯƒฮผฮฟฯฯ‚ ฮผฮตฯ„ฮฑฮพฯ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฯŽฮฝ ฮดฯ…ฮฝฮฌฮผฮตฯ‰ฮฝ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฯ‡ฯ‰ฯฯŽฮฝ ฮผฮฑฯ‚. ฮŸฯ†ฮตฮฏฮปฮฟฯ…ฮผฮต ฮปฮฟฮนฯ€ฯŒฮฝ ฮฝฮฑ ฮดฮนฮฑฯ†ฯ…ฮปฮฌฮพฮฟฯ…ฮผฮต ฮบฮฑฮน ฮฝฮฑ ฮฑฮฝฮฑฯ€ฯ„ฯฮพฮฟฯ…ฮผฮต ฮฑฯ…ฯ„ฮฟฯฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟฯ…ฯ‚ ฮดฮตฯƒฮผฮฟฯฯ‚, ฮนฮดฮนฮฑฮฏฯ„ฮตฯฮฑ ฯƒฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮบฯฮฏฯƒฮนฮผฮท ฮฑฯ…ฯ„ฮฎ ฯ†ฮฌฯƒฮท ฮบฮปฮนฮผฮฌฮบฯ‰ฯƒฮทฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮ“โ€™ ฮ ฮฑฮณฮบฮฟฯƒฮผฮฏฮฟฯ… ฮ ฮฟฮปฮญฮผฮฟฯ…, ฮผฮต ฯ„ฮนฯ‚ ฯ€ฮฟฮปฮตฮผฮนฮบฮญฯ‚ ฮตฯ€ฮนฯ‡ฮตฮนฯฮฎฯƒฮตฮนฯ‚ ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฮดฮนฮตฮพฮฌฮณฮตฮน ฮฟ ฮฌฮพฮฟฮฝฮฑฯ‚ ฮ—ฮ ฮ‘-ฮฮ‘ฮคฮŸ-ฮ•ฮ• ฯƒฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮŸฯ…ฮบฯฮฑฮฝฮฏฮฑ (ฯŒฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฮตฮผฯ€ฮปฮญฮบฮฟฮฝฯ„ฮฑฮน ฯ€ฮฌฮฝฯ‰ ฮฑฯ€ฯŒ 55 ฯ‡ฯŽฯฮตฯ‚) ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮตฮบฯฮทฮบฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎ ฮบฮฑฯ„ฮฌฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯƒฮท ฯƒฯ„ฮฑ ฮผฮญฯ„ฯ‰ฯ€ฮฑ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮšฮฟฯฮตฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎฯ‚ ฮงฮตฯฯƒฮฟฮฝฮฎฯƒฮฟฯ… ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮคฮฑฮนฮฒฮฌฮฝ.
ฮŸ ฯ€ฯŒฮปฮตฮผฮฟฯ‚ ฮฑฯ…ฯ„ฯŒฯ‚ ฮตฮฏฮฝฮฑฮน ฮผฮฟฮฝฮฟฯƒฮฎฮผฮฑฮฝฯ„ฮฑ ฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฯŒฯ‚, ฮฝฮตฮฟฮฑฯ€ฮฟฮนฮบฮนฮฟฮบฯฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฯŒฯ‚, ฮปฮทฯƒฯ„ฯฮนฮบฯŒฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯƒฮฑฯ†ฯŽฯ‚ ฮฌฮดฮนฮบฮฟฯ‚ ฮตฮบ ฮผฮญฯฮฟฯ…ฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮตฯ€ฮนฯ„ฮนฮธฮญฮผฮตฮฝฮฟฯ… ฮฌฮพฮฟฮฝฮฑ ฮผฮต ฮตฯ€ฮนฮบฮตฯ†ฮฑฮปฮฎฯ‚ ฯ„ฮนฯ‚ ฮ—ฮ ฮ‘. ฮคฮฟ ฮฑฯ€ฮฟฯ„ฯฯŒฯ€ฮฑฮนฮฟ ฮฑฯ…ฯ„ฮฟฯ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฯ€ฮฟฮปฮญฮผฮฟฯ… ฯƒฮทฮผฮฑฯ„ฮฟฮดฮฟฯ„ฮตฮฏฯ„ฮฑฮน ฮบฮฑฮน ฮฑฯ€ฯŒ ฯ„ฮฟ ฮณฮตฮณฮฟฮฝฯŒฯ‚, ฯŒฯ„ฮน ฮฟ ฮฌฮพฮฟฮฝฮฑฯ‚ ฮฑฯ…ฯ„ฯŒฯ‚ ฮฑฮฝฮฑฮฒฮนฯŽฮฝฮตฮน, ฮตฯฮณฮฑฮปฮตฮนฮฟฯ€ฮฟฮนฮตฮฏ, ฮบฮฑฮธฮฑฮณฮนฮฌฮถฮตฮน, ฮดฮฟฮพฮฌฮถฮตฮน ฮบฮฑฮน ฮตฮฝฮนฯƒฯ‡ฯฮตฮน ฮผฮต ฮบฮฌฮธฮต ฯ„ฯฯŒฯ€ฮฟ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮผฮญฯƒฮฟ ฯ„ฮฟฮฝ ฮฝฮฑฮถฮนฯƒฮผฯŒ-ฯ†ฮฑฯƒฮนฯƒฮผฯŒ (ฯƒฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮŸฯ…ฮบฯฮฑฮฝฮฏฮฑ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮฑฮปฮปฮฟฯ) ฮณฮนฮฑ ฮฝฮฑ ฮตฯ€ฮนฯ„ฯฯ‡ฮตฮน ฯ„ฮฟฯ…ฯ‚ ฯ†ฮฟฮฝฮนฮบฮฟฯฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮบฮฑฯ„ฮฑฯƒฯ„ฯฮฟฯ†ฮนฮบฮฟฯฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฯƒฮบฮฟฯ€ฮฟฯฯ‚. ฮคฮฟ ฮฑฮบฯฮนฮฒฯŽฯ‚ ฮฑฮฝฯ„ฮฏฮธฮตฯ„ฮฟ ฮนฯƒฯ‡ฯฮตฮน ฮตฮบ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฯ€ฯฮฑฮณฮผฮฌฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฮณฮนฮฑ ฯ„ฮฟ ฯƒฯ„ฯฮฑฯ„ฯŒฯ€ฮตฮดฮฟ ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฯƒฯ…ฮณฮบฯฮฟฯ„ฮตฮฏฯ„ฮฑฮน ฮบฮฑฮน ฯƒฯ…ฯƒฯ€ฮตฮนฯฯŽฮฝฮตฯ„ฮฑฮน ฮฑฯ€ฯŒ ฯ„ฮนฯ‚ ฮดฯ…ฮฝฮฌฮผฮตฮนฯ‚ ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฮฑฮผฯฮฝฮฟฮฝฯ„ฮฑฮน ฮบฮฑฮน ฮฑฮฝฮฑฮณฮบฮฌฮถฮฟฮฝฯ„ฮฑฮน ฮฝฮฑ ฮฑฮฝฯ„ฮตฯ€ฮนฯ„ฮฏฮธฮตฮฝฯ„ฮฑฮน ฯƒฯ„ฮฟฮฝ ฮฌฮพฮฟฮฝฮฑ: ฮตฮฏฮฝฮฑฮน ฮญฮฝฮฑฯ‚ ฯ€ฯŒฮปฮตฮผฮฟฯ‚ ฮฑฮฝฯ„ฮฏฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯƒฮทฯ‚, ฮญฮฝฮฑฯ‚ ฯ€ฯŒฮปฮตฮผฮฟฯ‚ ฮฑฮฝฯ„ฮนฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฯŒฯ‚, ฮฑฮฝฯ„ฮนฮฑฯ€ฮฟฮนฮบฮนฮฟฮบฯฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฯŒฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯƒฮฑฯ†ฯŽฯ‚ ฮดฮฏฮบฮฑฮนฮฟฯ‚.
ฮฃฯ„ฮฑ ฮฎฮดฮท ฮฑฮนฯƒฮธฮทฯ„ฮฌ ฮฑฯ€ฮฟฯ„ฮตฮปฮญฯƒฮผฮฑฯ„ฮฑ ฮฑฯ…ฯ„ฮฟฯ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฯ€ฮฟฮปฮญฮผฮฟฯ…, ฮตฮบฯ„ฯŒฯ‚ ฮฑฯ€ฯŒ ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮผฮฑฮถฮนฮบฮฎ ฮบฮฑฯ„ฮฑฯƒฯ„ฯฮฟฯ†ฮฎ ฮ‘ฮผฮตฯฮนฮบฮฑฮฝฮนฮบฯŽฮฝ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮณฮตฮฝฮนฮบฯŒฯ„ฮตฯฮฑ ฮฮ‘ฮคฮŸฮนฮบฯŽฮฝ ฮฟฯ€ฮปฮนฮบฯŽฮฝ ฯƒฯ…ฯƒฯ„ฮทฮผฮฌฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ…ฮปฮนฮบฯŽฮฝ, ฮตฮบฯ„ฯŒฯ‚ ฮฑฯ€ฯŒ ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮตฮพฯŒฮฝฯ„ฯ‰ฯƒฮท ฮตฮฝฯŒฯ€ฮปฯ‰ฮฝ ฮดฯ…ฮฝฮฌฮผฮตฯ‰ฮฝ ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฮผฮฌฯ‡ฮฟฮฝฯ„ฮฑฮน ฯƒฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฯ…ฯ€ฮทฯฮตฯƒฮฏฮฑ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮตฯ€ฮนฯ„ฮนฮธฮญฮผฮตฮฝฮฟฯ… ฮฌฮพฮฟฮฝฮฑ, ฯƒฯ…ฮฝฮตฯ€ฮนฯ†ฮญฯฮตฮน ฮบฮฑฮน ฮฌฮปฮปฮฑ ฮตฮพฮฑฮนฯฮตฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎฯ‚ ฯƒฮทฮผฮฑฯƒฮฏฮฑฯ‚ ฮฑฯ€ฮฟฯ„ฮตฮปฮญฯƒฮผฮฑฯ„ฮฑ ฯƒฯ„ฮฑ ฮฟฮนฮบฮฟฮฝฮฟฮผฮนฮบฮฌ, ฯ€ฮฟฮปฮนฯ„ฮนฮบฮฌ, ฯƒฯ„ฯฮฑฯ„ฮนฯ‰ฯ„ฮนฮบฮฌ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮดฮนฯ€ฮปฯ‰ฮผฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฮฌ ฮผฮญฯ„ฯ‰ฯ€ฮฑ.
ฮŸ ฯฮฑฮณฮดฮฑฮฏฮฟฯ‚ ฮตฮบฯ„ฮฟฯ€ฮนฯƒฮผฯŒฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮดฮฟฮปฮฑฯฮฏฮฟฯ… ฮ—ฮ ฮ‘ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮตฯ…ฯฯŽ ฮฑฯ€ฯŒ ฯ„ฮท ฮธฮญฯƒฮท ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ„ฮฟฮฝ ฯฯŒฮปฮฟ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฯ€ฮฑฮณฮบฮฟฯƒฮผฮฏฮฟฯ… ฯ‡ฯฮฎฮผฮฑฯ„ฮฟฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฮดฮนฮตฮธฮฝฯŽฮฝ ฮฑฯ€ฮฟฮธฮตฮผฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฯŽฮฝ ฮฝฮฟฮผฮนฯƒฮผฮฌฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ, ฯƒฮทฮผฮฑฯ„ฮฟฮดฮฟฯ„ฮตฮฏ ฯ„ฮนฯ‚ ฯ„ฮตฯฮฌฯƒฯ„ฮนฮตฯ‚ ฮฑฮปฮปฮฑฮณฮญฯ‚ ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฮปฮฑฮผฮฒฮฌฮฝฮฟฯ…ฮฝ ฯ‡ฯŽฯฮฑ ฯƒฯ„ฮฟ ฯ€ฮฑฮณฮบฯŒฯƒฮผฮนฮฟ ฮฟฮนฮบฮฟฮฝฮฟฮผฮนฮบฯŒ ฯƒฯฯƒฯ„ฮทฮผฮฑ: ฮณฮนฮฑ ฯ€ฯฯŽฯ„ฮท ฯ†ฮฟฯฮฌ ฯƒฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮนฯƒฯ„ฮฟฯฮฏฮฑ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮบฮตฯ†ฮฑฮปฮฑฮนฮฟฮบฯฮฑฯ„ฮฏฮฑฯ‚ ฯ…ฯ€ฮฟฮฝฮฟฮผฮตฯฮตฯ„ฮฑฮน ฮฟ ฮฟฮนฮบฮฟฮฝฮฟฮผฮนฮบฯŒฯ‚ ฮผฮทฯ‡ฮฑฮฝฮนฯƒฮผฯŒฯ‚ ฯ€ฮฑฯฮฑฯƒฮนฯ„ฮนฯƒฮผฮฟฯ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฯ‡ฯฮทฮผฮฑฯ„ฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎฯ‚ ฮฟฮปฮนฮณฮฑฯฯ‡ฮฏฮฑฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฮผฮฟฯ, ฯ„ฮฟ ฯƒฯฯƒฯ„ฮทฮผฮฑ ฮฑฯ€ฯŒฯƒฯ€ฮฑฯƒฮทฯ‚ ฯ…ฯ€ฮตฯฮฑฮพฮฏฮฑฯ‚ ฯƒฮต ฯ€ฮตฯฮนฯ†ฮตฯฮตฮนฮฑฮบฮฎ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ€ฮฑฮณฮบฯŒฯƒฮผฮนฮฑ ฮบฮปฮฏฮผฮฑฮบฮฑ, ฮผฮญฯƒฯ‰ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮฌฮฝฯ„ฮปฮทฯƒฮทฯ‚ ฮผฮฟฮฝฮฟฯ€ฯ‰ฮปฮนฮฑฮบฯŽฮฝ ฯ…ฯ€ฮตฯฮบฮตฯฮดฯŽฮฝ ฮฑฯ€ฯŒ ฯŒฮปฮฟฯ…ฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟฯ…ฯ‚ ฯ…ฯ€ฯŒฮปฮฟฮนฯ€ฮฟฯ…ฯ‚ ฮปฮฑฮฟฯฯ‚. ฮˆฮฝฮฑฯ‚ ฮผฮทฯ‡ฮฑฮฝฮนฯƒฮผฯŒฯ‚ ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฮปฮตฮนฯ„ฮฟฯ…ฯฮณฮตฮฏ ฮตฮฝ ฯ€ฮฟฮปฮปฮฟฮฏฯ‚ ฮผฮญฯƒฯ‰ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮตฯ€ฮนฮฒฮฟฮปฮฎฯ‚ ฮดฮนฮฑ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฯ€ฮฑฮณฮบฯŒฯƒฮผฮนฮฟฯ… ฮฝฮฟฮผฮฏฯƒฮผฮฑฯ„ฮฟฯ‚ ฮตฮฝฯŒฯ‚ ฮนฮดฮนฯŒฯ„ฯ…ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฯƒฯ…ฯƒฯ„ฮฎฮผฮฑฯ„ฮฟฯ‚ ฮตฯ€ฮนฯ†ฯŒฯฯ„ฮนฯƒฮทฯ‚ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฮฌฮปฮปฯ‰ฮฝ ฯ‡ฯ‰ฯฯŽฮฝ ฯ€.ฯ‡. ฮผฮต ฯ„ฮฟ ฮบฯŒฯƒฯ„ฮฟฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮดฮทฮผฮฟฯƒฮนฮฟฮฝฮฟฮผฮนฮบฮฟฯ ฮตฮปฮปฮตฮฏฮผฮผฮฑฯ„ฮฟฯ‚ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฮ—ฮ ฮ‘ (ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฯ€ฮปฮญฮฟฮฝ ฯ…ฯ€ฮตฯฯ‡ฯฮตฯ‰ฮผฮญฮฝฮฟฯ… ฯƒฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮนฯƒฯ„ฮฟฯฮฏฮฑ ฮบฯฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฮฟฯ ฮผฮฟฯฯ†ฯŽฮผฮฑฯ„ฮฟฯ‚), ฮผฮญฯƒฯ‰ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮฑฯ…ฮธฮฑฮฏฯฮตฯ„ฮทฯ‚ (ฮญฮฝฯ„ฯ…ฯ€ฮทฯ‚ ฮฎ ฯˆฮทฯ†ฮนฮฑฮบฮฎฯ‚) ฮญฮบฮดฮฟฯƒฮทฯ‚ ฮฝฮฟฮผฮฏฯƒฮผฮฑฯ„ฮฟฯ‚, ฮดฮทฮปฮฑฮดฮฎ, ฮผฮต ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮตฯ€ฮนฮฒฮฟฮปฮฎ ฮตฮฝฯŒฯ‚ ฮนฮดฮนฯŒฯ„ฯ…ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ยซฯ†ฯŒฯฮฟฯ… ฯ…ฯ€ฮฟฯ„ฮญฮปฮตฮนฮฑฯ‚ยป ฯƒฯ„ฮฟฯ…ฯ‚ ฮปฮฑฮฟฯฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฯ€ฮปฮฑฮฝฮฎฯ„ฮท .
ฮŸฮน ฮฑฮปฮปฮฑฮณฮญฯ‚ ฮฑฯ…ฯ„ฮญฯ‚ ฯƒฯ…ฮฝฮดฮญฮฟฮฝฯ„ฮฑฮน ฮบฮฑฮน ฮผฮต ฯฮฑฮณฮดฮฑฮฏฮตฯ‚ ฯ€ฮฟฮปฮนฯ„ฮนฮบฮญฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮดฮนฯ€ฮปฯ‰ฮผฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฮญฯ‚ ฮผฮตฯ„ฮฑฯ„ฮฟฯ€ฮฏฯƒฮตฮนฯ‚. ฮœฮต ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮบฮฑฯ„ฮฑฮปฯ…ฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎ ฯƒฯ…ฮผฮฒฮฟฮปฮฎ ฯ€.ฯ‡. ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮ›.ฮ”. ฮšฮฏฮฝฮฑฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮกฯ‰ฯƒฮฏฮฑฯ‚, ฮตฯ€ฮญฯฯ‡ฮฟฮฝฯ„ฮฑฮน ฮตฮนฯฮทฮฝฮตฯ…ฯ„ฮนฮบฮญฯ‚ ฮดฮนฮตฯ…ฮธฮตฯ„ฮฎฯƒฮตฮนฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮตฮนฯฮทฮฝฮตฯ…ฯ„ฮนฮบฮญฯ‚ ฮดฮนฮฑฮดฮนฮบฮฑฯƒฮฏฮตฯ‚ ฮผฮตฯ„ฮฑฮพฯ ฯ‡ฯ‰ฯฯŽฮฝ ฮผฮต ฯ€ฯฮฟฮฑฮนฯŽฮฝฮนฮตฯ‚ ฯƒฯ…ฯฯฮฌฮพฮตฮนฯ‚, ฮผฮตฮธฮฟฮดฮตฯ…ฮผฮญฮฝฮตฯ‚ ฮฑฯ€ฯŒ ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮฑฯ€ฮฟฮนฮบฮนฮฟฮบฯฮฑฯ„ฮฏฮฑ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ„ฮฟฮฝ ฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฮผฯŒ, ฯƒฯ„ฮท ฮฒฮฌฯƒฮท ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮฑฯฯ‡ฮฎฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ยซฮดฮนฮฑฮฏฯฮตฮน ฮบฮฑฮน ฮฒฮฑฯƒฮฏฮปฮตฯ…ฮตยป, ฮผฮญฯƒฯ‰ ฮฑฮนฮผฮฑฯ„ฮทฯฯŽฮฝ ฯ…ฯ€ฮฟฮดฮฑฯ…ฮปฮฏฯƒฮตฯ‰ฮฝ ฮตฮธฮฝฮนฮบฮฟฯ, ฯ†ฯ…ฮปฮตฯ„ฮนฮบฮฟฯ, ฮธฯฮทฯƒฮบฮตฯ…ฯ„ฮนฮบฮฟฯ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ€ฮฟฮปฮนฯ„ฮนฯƒฮผฮนฮบฮฟฯ ฮผฮฏฯƒฮฟฯ…ฯ‚. ฮ‘ฯ…ฯ„ฯŒ ฯ€ฮฑฯฮฑฯ„ฮทฯฮตฮฏฯ„ฮฑฮน ฮผฮต ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮตฮนฯฮฎฮฝฮตฯ…ฯƒฮท ฮผฮตฯ„ฮฑฮพฯ ฮฃฮฑฮฟฯ…ฮดฮนฮบฮฎฯ‚ ฮ‘ฯฮฑฮฒฮฏฮฑฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮ™ฯฮฌฮฝ (ฮฌฯฮฑ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮฅฮตฮผฮญฮฝฮทฯ‚), ฮผฮต ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮฑฮฝฮฑฮณฮฝฯŽฯฮนฯƒฮท ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮฝฯŒฮผฮนฮผฮทฯ‚ ฮบฯ…ฮฒฮญฯฮฝฮทฯƒฮทฯ‚ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮฃฯ…ฯฮฏฮฑฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮญฮฝฯ„ฮฑฮพฮฎ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฯƒฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮฑฯฮฑฮฒฮนฮบฮฎ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮนฯƒฮปฮฑฮผฮนฮบฮฎ ฮบฮฟฮนฮฝฯŒฯ„ฮทฯ„ฮฑ, ฮผฮต ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฯ€ฯฮฟฯƒฮญฮณฮณฮนฯƒฮท ฮ™ฯฮฌฮบ-ฮ™ฯฮฌฮฝ ฮฑฮปฮปฮฌ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮ™ฮฝฮดฮฏฮฑฯ‚, ฮ ฮฑฮบฮนฯƒฯ„ฮฌฮฝ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮšฮฏฮฝฮฑฯ‚ ฮบ.ฮฟ.ฮบ. ฮ‘ฯ…ฯ„ฮฌ ฯŒฮปฮฑ ฯƒฯ…ฮฝฮตฯ€ฮฌฮณฮฟฮฝฯ„ฮฑฮน ฯ„ฮฑฯ‡ฮตฮฏฮฑ ฮตฮบฮดฮฏฯ‰ฮพฮท ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฮ—ฮ ฮ‘ ฮฑฯ€ฯŒ ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฟฯ‡ฮฎ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯƒฯ…ฯฯฮฏฮบฮฝฯ‰ฯƒฮท-ฮฑฮบฯฯฯ‰ฯƒฮท ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮธฮญฯƒฮทฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฯฯŒฮปฮฟฯ… ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฯฮฑฯ„ฯƒฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮฟฯ ฮบฯฮฌฯ„ฮฟฯ…ฯ‚-ฯ„ฯฮฟฮผฮฟฮบฯฮฌฯ„ฮท, ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฯƒฮนฯ‰ฮฝฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮฟฯ ฮ™ฯƒฯฮฑฮฎฮป.
ฮŸฮน ฮฟฮนฮบฮฟฮฝฮฟฮผฮนฮบฮญฯ‚, ฯ€ฮฟฮปฮนฯ„ฮนฮบฮญฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮดฮนฯ€ฮปฯ‰ฮผฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฮญฯ‚ ฮฑฮปฮปฮฑฮณฮญฯ‚ ฯƒฯ…ฮฝฮฟฮดฮตฯฮฟฮฝฯ„ฮฑฮน ฮบฮฑฮน ฮฑฯ€ฯŒ ฯƒฯ„ฯฮฑฯ„ฮนฯ‰ฯ„ฮนฮบฮญฯ‚ ฯ€ฯฮฟฯƒฮตฮณฮณฮฏฯƒฮตฮนฯ‚, ฯƒฯ…ฮฝฮตฯฮณฮฑฯƒฮฏฮตฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯƒฯ…ฮผฮผฮฑฯ‡ฮฏฮตฯ‚. ฮ“ฮตฮณฮฟฮฝฯŒฯ„ฮฑ ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฯƒฮทฮผฮฑฯ„ฮฟฮดฮฟฯ„ฮฟฯฮฝ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ€ฯฮฟฯ‰ฮธฮฟฯฮฝ ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฯ€ฮฑฯ„ฮฑฮณฯŽฮดฮท ฮฑฯ€ฮฟฯ„ฯ…ฯ‡ฮฏฮฑ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฯ…ฯ€ฯŒ ฯ„ฮนฯ‚ ฮ—ฮ ฮ‘ ฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮฟฯ ฯƒฯ„ฯฮฑฯ„ฮฟฯ€ฮญฮดฮฟฯ… ฮฝฮฑ ฮตฮดฯฮฑฮนฯŽฯƒฮตฮน ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฯ€ฮฑฯฮฟฯ…ฯƒฮฏฮฑ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ„ฮฟฮฝ ฮญฮปฮตฮณฯ‡ฯŒ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฯƒฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮœฮญฯƒฮท ฮ‘ฮฝฮฑฯ„ฮฟฮปฮฎ, ฯƒฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮšฮตฮฝฯ„ฯฮนฮบฮฎ ฮ‘ฯƒฮฏฮฑ, ฯƒฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮ†ฯ€ฯ‰ ฮ‘ฮฝฮฑฯ„ฮฟฮปฮฎ, ฯƒฯ„ฮท ฮ›ฮฑฯ„ฮนฮฝฮนฮบฮฎ ฮ‘ฮผฮตฯฮนฮบฮฎ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯƒฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮ‘ฯ†ฯฮนฮบฮฎ.
ฮฅฯ€ฯŒ ฯ„ฮฟ ฯ€ฯฮฏฯƒฮผฮฑ ฮฑฯ…ฯ„ฯŽฮฝ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฮฑฮปฮปฮฑฮณฯŽฮฝ ฮบฮปฮนฮผฮฑฮบฯŽฮฝฮตฯ„ฮฑฮน ฮฌฯฮดฮทฮฝ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮท ฮญฮฝฯ„ฮฑฯƒฮท ฯƒฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฟฯ‡ฮฎ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮ™ฮฝฮดฮฟ-ฮ•ฮนฯฮทฮฝฮนฮบฮฟฯ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮนฮดฮนฮฑฮฏฯ„ฮตฯฮฑ ฯƒฯ„ฮฑ ฮฟฯฮณฮฑฮฝฮนฮบฮฌ ฮฑฮปฮปฮทฮปฮญฮฝฮดฮตฯ„ฮฑ ฮผฮญฯ„ฯ‰ฯ€ฮฑ-ฯ€ฮตฮดฮฏฮฑ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮšฮฟฯฮตฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎฯ‚ ฮงฮตฯฯƒฮฟฮฝฮฎฯƒฮฟฯ… ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮคฮฑฮนฮฒฮฌฮฝ, ฯŒฯ€ฯ‰ฯ‚ ฮผฮฑฯ‚ ฮตฮพฮฎฮณฮทฯƒฮต ฮฟ ฯƒ. ฮฃฯ„ฮตฯ†ฮฌฮฝ. ฮ‘ฮผฯ†ฯŒฯ„ฮตฯฮฑ ฮฑฯ…ฯ„ฮฌ ฯ„ฮฑ ฮผฮญฯ„ฯ‰ฯ€ฮฑ ฮตฮฏฮฝฮฑฮน ฮฑฮปฮปฮทฮปฮญฮฝฮดฮตฯ„ฮฑ ฮผฮตฯ„ฮฑฮพฯ ฯ„ฮฟฯ…ฯ‚, ฮฑฮปฮปฮฌ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮผฮต ฮฑฯ…ฯ„ฮฌ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮ‘ฮฝฮฑฯ„ฮฟฮปฮนฮบฮฎฯ‚ ฮ•ฯ…ฯฯŽฯ€ฮทฯ‚, ฯŒฯ‡ฮน ฮผฯŒฮฝฮฟ ฮณฮตฯ‰ฮณฯฮฑฯ†ฮนฮบฮฌ, ฮฑฮปฮปฮฌ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮนฯƒฯ„ฮฟฯฮนฮบฮฌ. ฮ•ฮดฯŽ ฮฑฯฮบฮตฮฏ ฮฝฮฑ ฮตฯ€ฮนฯƒฮทฮผฮฌฮฝฮฟฯ…ฮผฮต ฯŒฯ„ฮน ฮฟฮน ฯ€ฯฮฟฮฑฮฝฮฑฯ†ฮตฯฮธฮตฮฏฯƒฮตฯ‚ ฯ„ฮตฮบฯ„ฮฟฮฝฮนฮบฮญฯ‚ ฮผฮตฯ„ฮฑฯ„ฮฟฯ€ฮฏฯƒฮตฮนฯ‚ ฮนฯƒฯ‡ฯฮฟฯ‚, ฮฑฮฝฮฑฮดฮตฮนฮบฮฝฯฮฟฯ…ฮฝ ฮฑฮผฯ†ฮนฯƒฮฒฮทฯ„ฮฎฯƒฮตฮนฯ‚ ฮบฮปฮทฯฮฟฮดฮฟฯ„ฮทฮผฮฌฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฯ€ฯฮฟฮญฮบฯ…ฯˆฮฑฮฝ ฮฑฯ€ฯŒ ฯ„ฮฟ ฯ„ฮญฮปฮฟฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮ’โ€™ ฮ ฮฑฮณฮบฮฟฯƒฮผฮฏฮฟฯ… ฯ€ฮฟฮปฮญฮผฮฟฯ…, ฮฑฯ€ฯŒ ฯ„ฮฟฮฝ ยซฮจฯ…ฯ‡ฯฯŒ ฮ ฯŒฮปฮตฮผฮฟยป ฮบฮฑฮน ฮฑฯ€ฯŒ ฯ„ฮนฯ‚ ฮดฮนฮฑฮดฮนฮบฮฑฯƒฮฏฮตฯ‚ ฮฑฮฝฯ„ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮฌฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯƒฮทฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮดฮนฮฌฮปฯ…ฯƒฮทฯ‚ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮ•ฮฃฮฃฮ” ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฯƒฯ„ฯฮฑฯ„ฮฟฯ€ฮญฮดฮฟฯ… ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฯ€ฯฯŽฮนฮผฮฟฯ… ฯƒฮฟฯƒฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฮผฮฟฯ ฯƒฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮ•ฯ…ฯฯŽฯ€ฮท.
ฮ— ฯƒฯฯฯฮฑฮพฮท ฯƒฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮŸฯ…ฮบฯฮฑฮฝฮฏฮฑ ฯƒฮทฮผฮฑฯ„ฮฟฮดฮฟฯ„ฮตฮฏ ฯ„ฮฟฮฝ ฯ„ฮตฯฮผฮฑฯ„ฮนฯƒฮผฯŒ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮบฮปฮนฮผฮฌฮบฯ‰ฯƒฮทฯ‚ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮธฯ…ฯ€ฯŒฯ„ฮฑฮพฮทฯ‚ ฮฑฯ€ฯŒ ฯ„ฮฟฮฝ ฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฮผฯŒ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฯ€ฮตฯฮฑฮนฯ„ฮญฯฯ‰ ฮบฮฑฯ„ฮฑฮบฮตฯฮผฮฑฯ„ฮนฯƒฮผฮฟฯ ฯƒฯ…ฮฝฮฟฮปฮนฮบฮฌ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮผฮตฯ„ฮฑฯƒฮฟฮฒฮนฮตฯ„ฮนฮบฮฟฯ ฯ‡ฯŽฯฮฟฯ…, ฮผฮต ฮบฯฯฮนฮฟ ฯƒฯ„ฯŒฯ‡ฮฟ-ฮปฮตฮฏฮฑ ฯ€ฮปฮญฮฟฮฝ ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮกฯ‰ฯƒฮนฮบฮฎ ฮŸฮผฮฟฯƒฯ€ฮฟฮฝฮดฮฏฮฑ, ฮดฮทฮปฮฑฮดฮฎ, ฯ„ฮฟ ฮผฯŒฮฝฮฟ ฮผฯŒฯฯ†ฯ‰ฮผฮฑ ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฮผฯ€ฮฟฯฮตฮฏ ฮฝฮฑ ฮดฮนฮฑฮดฯฮฑฮผฮฑฯ„ฮฏฯƒฮตฮน ฯฯŒฮปฮฟ ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮตฮฝฮฟฯ€ฮฟฮฏฮทฯƒฮทฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ€ฯŒฮปฮฟฯ… ฮญฮปฮพฮทฯ‚ ฮฑฯ…ฯ„ฮฟฯ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฯ‡ฯŽฯฮฟฯ….
ฮ— ฯƒฯฯฯฮฑฮพฮท ฯƒฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮšฮฟฯฮตฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎ ฯ‡ฮตฯฯƒฯŒฮฝฮทฯƒฮฟ ฮตฮฏฮฝฮฑฮน ฯƒฯ…ฮฝฯ…ฯ†ฮฑฯƒฮผฮญฮฝฮท ฮผฮต ฯ†ฮฑฮนฮฝฯŒฮผฮตฮฝฮฑ ฯ„ฮฑ ฮฟฯ€ฮฟฮฏฮฑ ฮตฮพฮทฮณฮฟฯฮฝฯ„ฮฑฮน ฮผฮต ฯ„ฮนฯ‚ ฮผฮตฮณฮฑฮปฮฟฯ†ฯ…ฮตฮฏฯ‚ ฮฑฮฝฮฑฮบฮฑฮปฯฯˆฮตฮนฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮ’.ฮ™. ฮ›ฮญฮฝฮนฮฝ ฮณฮนฮฑ ฯ„ฮฟฮฝ ฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฮผฯŒ, ฯ‰ฯ‚ ฮฑฮฝฯŽฯ„ฮฑฯ„ฮฟ ฯƒฯ„ฮฌฮดฮนฮฟ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮบฮตฯ†ฮฑฮปฮฑฮนฮฟฮบฯฮฑฯ„ฮฏฮฑฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮณฮนฮฑ ฯ„ฮฟฮฝ ยซฮฑฯƒฮธฮตฮฝฮฎ ฮบฯฮฏฮบฮฟยป ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฯ€ฮฑฮณฮบฯŒฯƒฮผฮนฮฟฯ… ฯƒฯ…ฯƒฯ„ฮฎฮผฮฑฯ„ฮฟฯ‚, ฯƒฯ„ฮฟฮฝ ฮฟฯ€ฮฟฮฏฮฟ ฮฑฯ…ฮพฮฌฮฝฮฟฮฝฯ„ฮฑฮน ฮฟฮน ฯ€ฮนฮธฮฑฮฝฯŒฯ„ฮทฯ„ฮตฯ‚ ฮพฮตฯƒฯ€ฮฌฯƒฮผฮฑฯ„ฮฟฯ‚ ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฯ„ฮฌฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯƒฮทฯ‚, ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฮผฯ€ฮฟฯฮตฮฏ ฮฝฮฑ ฮฟฮดฮทฮณฮฎฯƒฮตฮน ฯƒฮต ฮฝฮนฮบฮทฯ†ฯŒฯฮฟ ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮฌฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯƒฮท . ฮ— ฯƒฯฯฯฮฑฮพฮท ฮฑฯ…ฯ„ฮฎ ฯƒฯ…ฮฝฮนฯƒฯ„ฮฌ ฮญฮฝฮฑ ฯ€ฯŒฮปฮตฮผฮฟ ฮปฮฑฯŠฮบฯŒ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮตฮธฮฝฮนฮบฮฟฮฑฯ€ฮตฮปฮตฯ…ฮธฮตฯฯ‰ฯ„ฮนฮบฯŒ, ฮญฮฝฮฑ ฯ€ฯŒฮปฮตฮผฮฟ ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮตฮฝฮฟฯ€ฮฟฮฏฮทฯƒฮทฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮทฯฯ‰ฮนฮบฮฟฯ ฮบฮฟฯฮตฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฮฟฯ ฮญฮธฮฝฮฟฯ…ฯ‚, ฮฑฯ€ฮตฮปฮตฯ…ฮธฮญฯฯ‰ฯƒฮทฯ‚ ฮฑฯ€ฯŒ ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮฒฮฌฮฝฮฑฯ…ฯƒฮท ฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎ ฮตฮนฯƒฮฒฮฟฮปฮฎ-ฮบฮฑฯ„ฮฟฯ‡ฮฎ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฮ—ฮ ฮ‘, ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฮฎฮปฮธฮต ฮฝฮฑ ฮดฮนฮฑฮดฮตฯ‡ฮธฮตฮฏ ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮฒฮฌฮฝฮฑฯ…ฯƒฮท ฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎ ฮบฮฑฯ„ฮฟฯ‡ฮฎ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮนฮฑฯ€ฯ‰ฮฝฮนฮบฮฎฯ‚ ฮผฮนฮปฮนฯ„ฮฑฯฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎฯ‚ ฮผฮฟฮฝฮฑฯฯ‡ฮฏฮฑฯ‚. ฮ”ฮตฮดฮฟฮผฮญฮฝฮทฯ‚ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮฝฮนฮบฮทฯ†ฯŒฯฮฟฯ… ฯƒฮฟฯƒฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎฯ‚ ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮฌฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯƒฮทฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮฟฮนฮบฮฟฮดฯŒฮผฮทฯƒฮทฯ‚ ฯƒฯ„ฮท ฮ’. ฮšฮฟฯฮญฮฑ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮณฮตฮนฯ„ฮฝฮฏฮฑฯƒฮฎฯ‚ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮผฮต ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮ›.ฮ”. ฮšฮฏฮฝฮฑฯ‚, ฯ„ฮฟ ฮตฮธฮฝฮนฮบฮฟฮฑฯ€ฮตฮปฮตฯ…ฮธฮตฯฯ‰ฯ„ฮนฮบฯŒ ฯƒฯ„ฮฌฮดฮนฮฟ, ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฮธฮฑ ฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮปฮฑฮผฮฒฮฌฮฝฮตฮน ฮบฮฑฮน ฮฑฮฝฯ„ฮนฯ†ฮฑฯƒฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮฌ ฮบฮฑฮธฮฎฮบฮฟฮฝฯ„ฮฑ ฮตฮบฮดฮทฮผฮฟฮบฯฮฑฯ„ฮนฯƒฮผฮฟฯ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮบฮฟฮนฮฝฯ‰ฮฝฮฏฮฑฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮฑฮฝฮฑฮดฮนฮฌฯฮธฯฯ‰ฯƒฮทฯ‚ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮฟฮนฮบฮฟฮฝฮฟฮผฮฏฮฑฯ‚ ฮผฮต ฯŒฯฮฟฯ…ฯ‚ ฮปฮฑฯŠฮบฮฎฯ‚ ฮบฯ…ฯฮนฮฑฯฯ‡ฮฏฮฑฯ‚ -ฮบฮฑฯ„ฮฌ ฯ„ฮฑ ฯ†ฮฑฮนฮฝฯŒฮผฮตฮฝฮฑ- ฮธฮฑ ฮตฮฏฮฝฮฑฮน ฮผฮฌฮปฮปฮฟฮฝ ฮฒฯฮฑฯ‡ฯ ฯƒฮต ฯ‡ฯฯŒฮฝฮฟ, ฮฟฯฮณฮฑฮฝฮนฮบฮฌ ฯƒฯ…ฮฝฮดฮตฮดฮตฮผฮญฮฝฮฟ ฮผฮต ฯ„ฮฟ ฯƒฮฟฯƒฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฯŒ ฯƒฯ„ฮฌฮดฮนฮฟ, ฯƒฮต ฮผฮนฮฑ ฮตฮฝฮนฮฑฮฏฮฑ ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎ ฮดฮนฮฑฮดฮนฮบฮฑฯƒฮฏฮฑ .
ฮ•ฮพฮฑฮนฯฮตฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎ ฯƒฮทฮผฮฑฯƒฮฏฮฑ ฮณฮนฮฑ ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮฝฮนฮบฮทฯ†ฯŒฯฮฟ ฮญฮบฮฒฮฑฯƒฮท ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮตฮธฮฝฮนฮบฮฟฮฑฯ€ฮตฮปฮตฯ…ฮธฮตฯฯ‰ฯ„ฮนฮบฮฟฯ ฮฑฮณฯŽฮฝฮฑ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฯƒฮฟฯƒฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎฯ‚ ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮฌฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯƒฮทฯ‚ ฯƒฯ„ฮฟ ฯƒฯฮฝฮฟฮปฮฟ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮšฮฟฯฮตฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎฯ‚ ฯ‡ฮตฯฯƒฮฟฮฝฮฎฯƒฮฟฯ…, ฮธฮฑ ฮญฯ‡ฮตฮน ฮท ฮดฮนฮตฮธฮฝฮฎฯ‚ ฮฑฮฝฯ„ฮนฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎ ฯƒฯ„ฮฎฯฮนฮพฮท, ฮท ฮดฮนฮตฮธฮฝฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎ ฮฑฮปฮปฮทฮปฮตฮณฮณฯฮท ฮผฮต ฯŒฮปฮฑ ฯ„ฮฑ ฮผฮญฯƒฮฑ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ„ฮฟฯ…ฯ‚ ฯ„ฯฯŒฯ€ฮฟฯ…ฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯƒฮต ฯŒฮปฮฑ ฯ„ฮฑ ฮตฯ€ฮฏฯ€ฮตฮดฮฑ. ฮ˜ฮฑ ฯ€ฯฮญฯ€ฮตฮน ฮฟฮน ฮฑฮฝฯ„ฮนฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮญฯ‚ ฮดฯ…ฮฝฮฌฮผฮตฮนฯ‚ ฮฝฮฑ ฯƒฯ…ฮผฮฒฮฌฮปฮปฮฟฯ…ฮฝ ฯƒฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮฑฯ€ฮฟฮดฯ…ฮฝฮฌฮผฯ‰ฯƒฮท ฮบฮฑฮน ฯƒฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮฑฯ€ฮฟฯ„ฯฮฟฯ€ฮฎ ฮบฮฌฮธฮต ฮตฮณฮบฮปฮทฮผฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฮฟฯ ฮฑฮฝฯ„ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฮฟฯ ฮตฮณฯ‡ฮตฮนฯฮฎฮผฮฑฯ„ฮฟฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฮผฮฟฯ. ฮฆฯ…ฯƒฮนฮบฮฌ ฮฑฯ€ฮญฮฝฮฑฮฝฯ„ฮน ฯƒฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฯ„ฯฮนฮผฮตฯฮฎ ฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎ ฯƒฯ…ฮผฮผฮฑฯ‡ฮฏฮฑ ฮ—ฮ ฮ‘-ฮ™ฮฑฯ€ฯ‰ฮฝฮฏฮฑฯ‚-ฮ. ฮšฮฟฯฮญฮฑฯ‚-ฮ‘ฯ…ฯƒฯ„ฯฮฑฮปฮฏฮฑฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮณฮตฮฝฮนฮบฯŒฯ„ฮตฯฮฑ ฮตฯ€ฮญฮบฯ„ฮฑฯƒฮทฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮฮ‘ฮคฮŸ ฯƒฯ„ฮฟฮฝ ฮ™ฮฝฮดฮฟ-ฮ•ฮนฯฮทฮฝฮนฮบฯŒ ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฮผฮตฮธฮฟฮดฮตฯฮฟฯ…ฮฝ ฮฟฮน ฮ—ฮ ฮ‘, ฮฑฯ€ฮฟฯ†ฮฑฯƒฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎ ฮธฮฑ ฮตฮฏฮฝฮฑฮน ฮท ฯƒฯ…ฮผฮฒฮฟฮปฮฎ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฯƒฯ…ฮฝฮตฯฮณฮฑฯƒฮฏฮฑฯ‚-ฯƒฯ…ฮผฮผฮฑฯ‡ฮฏฮฑฯ‚ ฯƒฮต ฯŒฮปฮฑ ฯ„ฮฑ ฯ€ฮตฮดฮฏฮฑ ฮผฮตฯ„ฮฑฮพฯ ฮ›.ฮ”. ฮšฮฏฮฝฮฑฯ‚, ฮ’. ฮšฮฟฯฮญฮฑฯ‚, ฮกฯ‰ฯƒฮฏฮฑฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯŒฮปฯ‰ฮฝ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฮดฯ…ฮฝฮฌฮผฮตฯ‰ฮฝ ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฯ„ฮตฮฏฮฝฮฟฯ…ฮฝ ฮฝฮฑ ฯƒฯ…ฮผฯ€ฮฑฯฮฑฯ„ฮฑฯ‡ฮธฮฟฯฮฝ ฮผฮต ฮฑฯ…ฯ„ฮญฯ‚.
ฮ ฮฑฯฯŒฮผฮฟฮนฮฑ ฯ‡ฮฑฯฮฑฮบฯ„ฮทฯฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮฌ -ฯ„ฮทฯฮฟฯ…ฮผฮญฮฝฯ‰ฮฝ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฮฑฮฝฮฑฮปฮฟฮณฮนฯŽฮฝ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮบฮปฮฏฮผฮฑฮบฮฑฯ‚- (ฮตฮธฮฝฮนฮบฮฟฮฑฯ€ฮตฮปฮตฯ…ฮธฮตฯฯ‰ฯ„ฮนฮบฮฌ, ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮตฮฝฮฟฯ€ฮฟฮฏฮทฯƒฮทฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮญฮธฮฝฮฟฯ…ฯ‚, ฮฑฮฝฯ„ฮนฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮฌ ฮบ.ฮปฯ€.) ฮญฯ‡ฮตฮน ฮบฮฑฮน ฮท ฯƒฯฯฯฮฑฮพฮท ฯƒฯ„ฮฟ ฮผฮญฯ„ฯ‰ฯ€ฮฟ-ฯ€ฮตฮดฮฏฮฟ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮคฮฑฯŠฮฒฮฌฮฝ, ฮผฮต ฯ„ฮฟ ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฯŒ ฮดฯ…ฮฝฮฑฮผฮนฮบฯŒ ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฮบฮฑฮน ฮฑฯ…ฯ„ฮฎ ฮบฯ…ฮฟฯ†ฮฟฯฮตฮฏ.
ฮ”ฮตฮดฮฟฮผฮญฮฝฯ‰ฮฝ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฯ€ฯฮฟฮฑฮฝฮฑฯ†ฮตฯฮธฮญฮฝฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ, ฮฟฮน ฯƒฮบฮฟฯ€ฮฟฮฏ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮ ฮฑฮณฮบฯŒฯƒฮผฮนฮฑฯ‚ ฮ‘ฮฝฯ„ฮนฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎฯ‚ ฮ ฮปฮฑฯ„ฯ†ฯŒฯฮผฮฑฯ‚ ฮฑฯ€ฮฟฮบฯ„ฮฟฯฮฝ ฯƒฯ„ฯฮฑฯ„ฮทฮณฮนฮบฮฎ ฯƒฮทฮผฮฑฯƒฮฏฮฑ ฮณฮนฮฑ ฯ„ฮฟ ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฯŒ ฮบฮฏฮฝฮทฮผฮฑ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮตฯ€ฮฟฯ‡ฮฎฯ‚. ฮฃฮฎฮผฮตฯฮฑ ฮณฮฏฮฝฮตฯ„ฮฑฮน ฯ€ฮนฮฟ ฮฑฮฝฮฑฮณฮบฮฑฮฏฮฑ ฮฑฯ€ฯŒ ฯ€ฮฟฯ„ฮญ ฮท ฮดฮทฮผฮนฮฟฯ…ฯฮณฮฏฮฑ, ฮท ฮฑฮฝฮฌฯ€ฯ„ฯ…ฮพฮท, ฮฟ ฯƒฯ…ฮฝฯ„ฮฟฮฝฮนฯƒฮผฯŒฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮท ฮฟฯฮณฮฌฮฝฯ‰ฯƒฮท ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฮฑฮฝฯ„ฮนฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฯŽฮฝ ฮดฯ…ฮฝฮฌฮผฮตฯ‰ฮฝ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮบฯŒฯƒฮผฮฟฯ… ฯƒฮต ฮฝฮนฮบฮทฯ†ฯŒฯฮฟ ฮผฮตฯ„ฯ‰ฯ€ฮนฮบฯŒ ฮฑฮณฯŽฮฝฮฑ ฯƒฮต ฯŒฮปฮฑ ฯ„ฮฑ ฮตฯ€ฮฏฯ€ฮตฮดฮฑ, ฯƒฮต ฯŒฮปฮตฯ‚ ฯ„ฮนฯ‚ ฯ‡ฯŽฯฮตฯ‚, ฯƒฮต ฯŒฮปฮตฯ‚ ฯ„ฮนฯ‚ ฮทฯ€ฮตฮฏฯฮฟฯ…ฯ‚. ฮ™ฮดฮนฮฑฮฏฯ„ฮตฯฮฑ ฮตฮบฮตฮฏ ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฮบฯ„ฯ…ฯ€ฮฌ ฯ€ฮนฮฟ ฮญฮฝฯ„ฮฟฮฝฮฑ ฮท ฮบฮฑฯฮดฮนฮฌ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฮฟฯ ฮบฮนฮฝฮฎฮผฮฑฯ„ฮฟฯ‚. ฮ— ฮฎฯ„ฯ„ฮฑ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮตฯ€ฮนฯ„ฮนฮธฮญฮผฮตฮฝฮฟฯ… ฮฌฮพฮฟฮฝฮฑ ฯ…ฯ€ฯŒ ฯ„ฮนฯ‚ ฮ—ฮ ฮ‘, ฮตฮฏฮฝฮฑฮน ฯŒฯฮฟฯ‚ ฮณฮนฮฑ ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮฏฮดฮนฮฑ ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮตฯ€ฮนฮฒฮฏฯ‰ฯƒฮท ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮฑฮฝฮธฯฯ‰ฯ€ฯŒฯ„ฮทฯ„ฮฑฯ‚, ฮฌฯฮฑ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮณฮนฮฑ ฯ„ฮนฯ‚ ฮฝฮฏฮบฮตฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฮฟฯ ฮบฮนฮฝฮฎฮผฮฑฯ„ฮฟฯ‚. ฮ“ฮนฮฑ ฮฑฯ…ฯ„ฯŒ ฮญฯ‡ฮตฮน ฮนฮดฮนฮฑฮฏฯ„ฮตฯฮท ฯƒฮทฮผฮฑฯƒฮฏฮฑ ฯ„ฮฟ ฮตฮณฯ‡ฮตฮฏฯฮทฮผฮฑ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮฏฮดฯฯ…ฯƒฮทฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮฑฮฝฮฌฯ€ฯ„ฯ…ฮพฮทฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ยซฮ‘ฮฝฯ„ฮนฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮฟฯ ฮฃฯ…ฮฝฯ„ฮฟฮฝฮนฯƒฮผฮฟฯ ฮณฮนฮฑ ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮ‰ฯ„ฯ„ฮฑ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮฮ‘ฮคฮŸยป ฯƒฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮ•ฮปฮปฮฌฮดฮฑ.
ฮ— ฮฎฯ„ฯ„ฮฑ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฮผฮฟฯ ฯƒฮต ฮฑฯ…ฯ„ฮฎ ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮฑฮฝฮฑฮผฮญฯ„ฯฮทฯƒฮท ฮถฯ‰ฮฎฯ‚ ฮฎ ฮธฮฑฮฝฮฌฯ„ฮฟฯ…, ฯ€ฯฮฟฯ‹ฯ€ฮฟฮธฮญฯ„ฮตฮน ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮฑฯ€ฮฟฮบฮฌฮปฯ…ฯˆฮท ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฯƒฯ…ฮฝฯ„ฯฮนฮฒฮฎ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮตฯƒฯ‰ฯ„ฮตฯฮนฮบฮฟฯ ฮตฯ‡ฮธฯฮฟฯ, ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮฟฯ€ฮฟฯฯ„ฮฟฯ…ฮฝฮนฯƒฮผฮฟฯ (ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮตฮบ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฯ€ฯฮฑฮณฮผฮฌฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฯ€ฯฮฑฮบฯ„ฯŒฯฮตฯ…ฯƒฮทฯ‚ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฯƒฮบฮฟฯ€ฯŽฮฝ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฮผฮฟฯ ฯƒฯ„ฮนฯ‚ ฮณฯฮฑฮผฮผฮญฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฮฟฯ ฮบฮนฮฝฮฎฮผฮฑฯ„ฮฟฯ‚) ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮฑฮฝฮฑฮธฮตฯ‰ฯฮทฯ„ฮนฯƒฮผฮฟฯ, ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮตฮบฯ†ฯ…ฮปฮนฯƒฮผฮฟฯ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎฯ‚ ฮธฮตฯ‰ฯฮฏฮฑฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮผฮตฮธฮฟฮดฮฟฮปฮฟฮณฮฏฮฑฯ‚ ฯƒฮต ฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮฌ-ฮฑฮฝฯ„ฮนฮดฯฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮฌ ฮนฮดฮตฮฟฮปฮฟฮณฮฎฮผฮฑฯ„ฮฑ (ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฯƒฯ…ฯ‡ฮฝฮฌ ฮตฮผฯ†ฮฑฮฝฮฏฮถฮฟฮฝฯ„ฮฑฮน ฮผฮต ยซฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฯŒยป ฯ€ฯฮฟฯƒฯ‰ฯ€ฮตฮฏฮฟ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮดฮทฮผฮฑฮณฯ‰ฮณฮนฮบฮฎ ยซฮฑฯฮนฯƒฯ„ฮตฯฮฏฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮทยป ฯฮทฯ„ฮฟฯฮนฮบฮฎ), ฯ€ฮฟฯ… ฮฑฯ€ฮฟฯ€ฯฮฟฯƒฮฑฮฝฮฑฯ„ฮฟฮปฮฏฮถฮฟฯ…ฮฝ, ฮดฮนฮฑฯƒฯ€ฮฟฯฮฝ, ฯ…ฯ€ฮฟฮฝฮฟฮผฮตฯฮฟฯ…ฮฝ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ„ฮตฮปฮนฮบฮฌ ฮฑฮบฯ…ฯฯŽฮฝฮฟฯ…ฮฝ ฯ„ฮฟ ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฯŒ ฮบฮฏฮฝฮทฮผฮฑ, ฮฑฯ€ฮฟฯฯฮฏฯ€ฯ„ฮฟฮฝฯ„ฮฑฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟฮฝ ฯ…ฯ€ฮฑฯฮบฯ„ฯŒ ฯ€ฯฯŽฮนฮผฮฟ ฯƒฮฟฯƒฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฮผฯŒ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮฑฮฝฯ„ฮนฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฮผฯŒ, ฮฑฮบฯ…ฯฯŽฮฝฮฟฮฝฯ„ฮฑฯ‚ ฮบฮฌฮธฮต ฮฝฮนฮบฮทฯ†ฯŒฯฮฟ ฮดฮนฮฑฮปฮตฮบฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎ ฯƒฯ‡ฮญฯƒฮท ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎฯ‚ ฮธฮตฯ‰ฯฮฏฮฑฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ€ฯฮฌฮพฮทฯ‚, ฯƒฯ„ฯฮฑฯ„ฮทฮณฮนฮบฮฎฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ„ฮฑฮบฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎฯ‚ .
ฮŸฮน ฯ€ฯฮฟฮฟฮดฮตฯ…ฯ„ฮนฮบฮฟฮฏ ฮฌฮฝฮธฯฯ‰ฯ€ฮฟฮน ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฯ€ฮปฮฑฮฝฮฎฯ„ฮท ฮผฮฑฯ‚, ฮบฮฑฮปฮฟฯฮฝฯ„ฮฑฮน ฯƒฮฎฮผฮตฯฮฑ ฮฝฮฑ ฮฑฮฝฮฑฮปฮฟฮณฮนฯƒฯ„ฮฟฯฮฝ ฯ„ฮน ฮตฯ€ฮนฯ€ฯ„ฯŽฯƒฮตฮนฯ‚ ฮผฯ€ฮฟฯฮตฮฏ ฮฝฮฑ ฮญฯ‡ฮตฮน ฯ„ฯ…ฯ‡ฯŒฮฝ ฮฝฮฏฮบฮท ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฯ…ฯ€ฯŒ ฯ„ฮนฯ‚ ฮ—ฮ ฮ‘ ฮตฯ€ฮนฯ„ฮนฮธฮญฮผฮตฮฝฮฟฯ… ฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮฟฯ ฮฌฮพฮฟฮฝฮฑ, ฯŒฯ‡ฮน ฮผฯŒฮฝฮฟ ฮณฮนฮฑ ฯ„ฮฟ ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฯŒ ฮบฮฏฮฝฮทฮผฮฑ, ฮฑฮปฮปฮฌ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮณฮนฮฑ ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮฏฮดฮนฮฑ ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮตฯ€ฮนฮฒฮฏฯ‰ฯƒฮท ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮฑฮฝฮธฯฯ‰ฯ€ฯŒฯ„ฮทฯ„ฮฑฯ‚. ฮœฯŒฮฝฮฟ ฮผฮต ฯ„ฮฟฮฝ ฯ…ฯ€ฮฟฮดฮตฮนฮณฮผฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฯŒ, ฯ€ฯฯ‰ฯ„ฮฟฯ€ฯŒฯฮฟ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮบฮฑฮธฮฟฮดฮทฮณฮทฯ„ฮนฮบฯŒ ฯฯŒฮปฮฟ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฯŽฮฝ ฮบฮฟฮผฮผฮฟฯ…ฮฝฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฯŽฮฝ ฮดฯ…ฮฝฮฌฮผฮตฯ‰ฮฝ ฮผฯ€ฮฟฯฮตฮฏ ฮฝฮฑ ฮญฯ‡ฮตฮน ฮฒฮฌฯƒฮตฮนฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮผฮญฮปฮปฮฟฮฝ ฮฟ ฮผฮตฯ„ฯ‰ฯ€ฮนฮบฯŒฯ‚ ฮฑฮฝฯ„ฮนฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฯŒฯ‚ ฮฑฮณฯŽฮฝฮฑฯ‚, ฮผฯŒฮฝฮฟ ฮท ฯ€ฯฮฟฮฟฯ€ฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฯƒฮฟฯƒฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎฯ‚ ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮฌฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯƒฮทฯ‚ ฮผฯ€ฮฟฯฮตฮฏ ฮฝฮฑ ฯ€ฯฮฟฯƒฮดฯŽฯƒฮตฮน ฯƒฯ„ฯฮฑฯ„ฮทฮณฮนฮบฯŒ ฮฒฮฌฮธฮฟฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮฝฮนฮบฮทฯ†ฯŒฯฮฟ ฯ€ฮฝฮฟฮฎ ฯƒฯ„ฮฟฮฝ ฮฑฮฝฯ„ฮนฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฮผฯŒ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯƒฯ„ฮฟฮฝ ฮฑฮฝฯ„ฮนฯ†ฮฑฯƒฮนฯƒฮผฯŒ.
ฮ— ฮฑฯ…ฯ„ฮฟฮธฯ…ฯƒฮฏฮฑ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ 2 ฮตฮบฯ„ฮตฮปฮตฯƒฮธฮญฮฝฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฮทฯฯŽฯ‰ฮฝ ฮผฮฑฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮท ฯƒฯ…ฯƒฯ„ฯฮฌฯ„ฮตฯ…ฯƒฮท ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ 176 ฮ•ฮปฮปฮฎฮฝฯ‰ฮฝ ฮดฮนฮตฮธฮฝฮนฯƒฯ„ฯŽฮฝ ฮผฮต ฯ„ฮนฯ‚ ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฮญฯ‚ ฮดฯ…ฮฝฮฌฮผฮตฮนฯ‚ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮ›.ฮ”. ฮšฮฟฯฮญฮฑฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟ 1951, ฮตฯ€ฮนฯƒฯ†ฯฮฌฮณฮนฯƒฮฑฮฝ ฯ„ฮนฯ‚ ฮฑฯ€ฮฑฯฯ‡ฮญฯ‚ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฮดฮนฮตฮธฮฝฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฯŽฮฝ ฮดฮตฯƒฮผฯŽฮฝ ฮผฮตฯ„ฮฑฮพฯ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฮปฮฑฯŽฮฝ ฮผฮฑฯ‚. ฮ”ฮตฮฏฯ‡ฮฝฮฟฯ…ฮฝ ฯ„ฮฟฮฝ ฮดฯฯŒฮผฮฟ ฮณฮนฮฑ ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮตฮดฯฮฑฮฏฯ‰ฯƒฮท ฮบฮฑฮน ฮฑฮฝฮฌฯ€ฯ„ฯ…ฮพฮท ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฮฟฯ ฮดฮนฮตฮธฮฝฮนฯƒฮผฮฟฯ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮฑฮฝฯ„ฮนฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฮผฮฟฯ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮตฯ€ฮฟฯ‡ฮฎฯ‚ ฮผฮฑฯ‚ ฯƒฮต ฯ€ฮฑฮณฮบฯŒฯƒฮผฮนฮฑ ฮบฮปฮฏฮผฮฑฮบฮฑ.
ฮ’ฮฌฯƒฮตฮน ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฯƒฯ„ฯฮฑฯ„ฮทฮณฮนฮบฯŽฮฝ ฯƒฮบฮฟฯ€ฯŽฮฝ ฮผฮฑฯ‚, ฮฟฯฮฏฮถฮฟฯ…ฮผฮต ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฯ„ฮฑฮบฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎ ฮผฮฑฯ‚, ฮนฮตฯฮฑฯฯ‡ฮฟฯฮผฮต ฯ„ฮนฯ‚ ฯ€ฯฮฟฯ„ฮตฯฮฑฮนฯŒฯ„ฮทฯ„ฮตฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮฑฮณฯŽฮฝฮฑ, ฮฑฮฝฯ„ฮนฮปฮฑฮผฮฒฮฑฮฝฯŒฮผฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮต ฯ€ฮฟฮนฮฟฯ‚ ฮตฮฏฮฝฮฑฮน ฮฟ ฮบฯฯฮนฮฟฯ‚ ฮตฯ‡ฮธฯฯŒฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ€ฮฟฮนฮฟฮน ฮฟฮน ฯƒฯ„ฯฮฑฯ„ฮทฮณฮนฮบฮฟฮฏ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ„ฮฑฮบฯ„ฮนฮบฮฟฮฏ ฮผฮฑฯ‚ ฯƒฯฮผฮผฮฑฯ‡ฮฟฮน ฯƒฯ„ฮฟฮฝ ฮผฮตฯ„ฯ‰ฯ€ฮนฮบฯŒ ฮฑฮณฯŽฮฝฮฑ ฮผฮต ฯƒฯ„ฯฮฑฯ„ฮทฮณฮนฮบฯŒ ฮฒฮฌฮธฮฟฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮฝฮนฮบฮทฯ†ฯŒฯฮฟ ฯ€ฯฮฟฮฟฯ€ฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎ. ฮ— ฯƒฯ…ฮฝฯ„ฯฮนฮฒฮฎ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฯ…ฯ€ฯŒ ฯ„ฮนฯ‚ ฮ—ฮ ฮ‘ ฮ•ฯ…ฯฯ‰ฮฑฯ„ฮปฮฑฮฝฯ„ฮนฮบฮฟฯ ฮฌฮพฮฟฮฝฮฑ ฯƒฮต ฯŒฮปฮฑ ฯ„ฮฑ ฮผฮญฯ„ฯ‰ฯ€ฮฑ ฮตฮฏฮฝฮฑฮน ฮฑฯฯ‡ฮนฮบฯŒฯ‚ ฮบฮฟฮนฮฝฯŒฯ‚ ฮผฮฑฯ‚ ฯƒฯ„ฯŒฯ‡ฮฟฯ‚, ฮผฮนฮฑฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯƒฯ…ฮฝฮนฯƒฯ„ฮฌ ฮฑฮฝฮฑฮณฮบฮฑฮฏฮฟ ฯŒฯฮฟ ฮณฮนฮฑ ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮตฯ€ฮนฮฒฮฏฯ‰ฯƒฮท ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮฑฮฝฮธฯฯ‰ฯ€ฯŒฯ„ฮทฯ„ฮฑฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮณฮนฮฑ ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮฑฯƒฯ„ฮฑฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎ ฯ€ฯฮฟฮฟฯ€ฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฮปฮฑฯŽฮฝ.
ฮˆฮพฯ‰ ฮฟฮน ฮฒฮฌฯƒฮตฮนฯ‚ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮธฮฑฮฝฮฌฯ„ฮฟฯ…!
ฮˆฮพฯ‰ ฮฑฯ€ฯŒ ฯ„ฮฟฯ…ฯ‚ ฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮฟฯฯ‚ ฮผฮทฯ‡ฮฑฮฝฮนฯƒฮผฮฟฯฯ‚ ฮ—ฮ ฮ‘-ฮฮ‘ฮคฮŸ-ฮ•ฮ•!
ฮฃฯ…ฮฝฯ„ฯฮนฮฒฮฎ ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮ•ฯ…ฯฯ‰ฮฑฯ„ฮปฮฑฮฝฯ„ฮนฮบฮฟฯ ฮฌฮพฮฟฮฝฮฑ ฯƒฮต ฯŒฮปฮฑ ฯ„ฮฑ ฮผฮญฯ„ฯ‰ฯ€ฮฑ!
ฮ–ฮฎฯ„ฯ‰ ฮฟ ฮฑฮณฯŽฮฝฮฑฯ‚ ฯ„ฯ‰ฮฝ ฮปฮฑฯŽฮฝ ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮšฮฟฯฮญฮฑฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ„ฮทฯ‚ ฮšฮฏฮฝฮฑฯ‚ ฮณฮนฮฑ ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฮตฯ€ฮฑฮฝฮตฮฝฮฟฯ€ฮฟฮฏฮทฯƒฮท ฯ„ฮฟฯ… ฮญฮธฮฝฮฟฯ…ฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฯ„ฮฟฮฝ ฯƒฮฟฯƒฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฮผฯŒ!
ฮ–ฮฎฯ„ฯ‰ ฮฟ ฯ€ฮฑฮณฮบฯŒฯƒฮผฮนฮฟฯ‚ ฮฑฮฝฯ„ฮนฮนฮผฯ€ฮตฯฮนฮฑฮปฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฯŒฯ‚ ฮฑฮณฯŽฮฝฮฑฯ‚ ฮบฮฑฮน ฮท ฮดฮนฮตฮธฮฝฮนฯƒฯ„ฮนฮบฮฎ ฮฑฮปฮปฮทฮปฮตฮณฮณฯฮท!
ฮ‘ฮณฯŽฮฝฮฑฯ‚ ฮผฮญฯ‡ฯฮน ฯ„ฮทฮฝ ฯ„ฮตฮปฮนฮบฮฎ ฮฝฮฏฮบฮท!

The World Anti-imperialist Platform